Peran kontingen Garuda dalam konflik internal di Afrika: studi kasus misi MONUSCO, MINUSCA, dan UNMISS = The role of Garuda contingent in the internal conflict of Africa: case study of MONUSCO, MINUSCA, and UNMISS

Lambe, Patrickson Javator (2022) Peran kontingen Garuda dalam konflik internal di Afrika: studi kasus misi MONUSCO, MINUSCA, dan UNMISS = The role of Garuda contingent in the internal conflict of Africa: case study of MONUSCO, MINUSCA, and UNMISS. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Afrika merupakan benua yang sarat dengan konflik internal sehingga seringkali diperlukan intervensi pihak luar seperti pasukan perdamaian peserikatan bangsa-bangsa (PBB). Indonesia sebagai anggota PBB dengan perdamaian global sebagai bagian dari tujuan dan kepentingan nasional, dipercayakan oleh PBB untuk membawa perdamaian dalam Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian PBB melalui penugasan Kontingen Garuda (KONGA), yang berfokus pada: perlindungan masyarakat sipil, memberikan dukungan dan asistensi terhadap stabilisasi pemerintah dan institusi publik, termasuk sektor keamanan nasional, mengusahakan perlucutan senjata, demobilisasi, dan reintegrasi kelompok bersenjata, berkontribusi dalam bantuan kemanusiaan dan pembangunan infrastruktur, serta memonitor proses perdamaian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi dan pencapaian KONGA dalam menangani konflik internal di negara-negara Afrika, terutama Republik Demokratik Kongo dengan misi MONUSCO, Republik Afrika Tengah dengan misi MINUSCA, dan Republik Sudan Selatan dengan misi UNMISS. Dalam penyusunannya, penulis menggunakan teori liberalisme institusional, dengan konsep konflik, resolusi konflik, peacekeeping, dan kepentingan nasional sebagai dasar penelitian ini. Serta diolah melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian deskriptif, dengan sumber data sekunder yang didapatkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kontribusi dan pencapaian KONGA dipengaruhi oleh jenis satgas yang dikirim kepada tiga negara tersebut: Keberhasilan Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) pada MONUSCO mengamankan kelompok bersenjata, TNI Zeni dengan keahlian di bidang teknik pada MINUSCA membangun kebutuhan kesehatan dan infrastruktur masyarakat, dan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (POLRI) di UNMISS menghasilkan lingkungan sosial yang tertib. Tantangan pasukan garuda di ketiga wilayah konflik meliputi; tatanan kepemerintahan yang perlu perhatian khusus, komunikasi dalam membangun relasi dengan rakyat, kelompok bersenjata yang kerap melakukan aksi kekerasan, hingga tantangan topografi dan infrastruktur transportasi yang kurang memadai. / The African continent is riddled with internal conflicts, often it is necessary for third-party intervention, such as the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions (MPP). Indonesia as a member of the UN with global peace as part of its national goals and interests is entrusted by the UN to bring peace through the MPP by assigning the Garuda Contingent (KONGA), which focuses on civilian protection, supporting and assisting the stabilization of government, public institutions, and the national security sector, working on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed groups, contributing to humanitarian assistance and infrastructure development, as well as monitoring the peace process. This research purposes to determine the contribution and achievements of KONGA in dealing with internal conflicts, especially in the Democratic Republic of the Congo through the MONUSCO mission, the Republic of Central Africa through the MINUSCA mission, and Republic of South Sudan through the UNMISS mission. The author uses the institutional liberalism theory, with the concepts of conflict, conflict resolution, peacekeeping, and national interests as the basis for this research. Processed through qualitative approach with descriptive research method, using secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results of this research indicate that the contribution and achievements of KONGA are influenced by the type of task force sent to the three countries: The success of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) at MONUSCO in securing armed groups, TNI Engineers at MINUSCA building community health and infrastructure needs, and The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) at UNMISS produces an orderly social environment. The challenges of the Garuda troops include; special attention needed for government reformations, communication with the people, armed groups that often carry out acts of violence, topographical challenges, and inadequate transportation infrastructure.

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