Kebijakan hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat terhadap konflik politik Venezuela pada masa pemerintahan Nicolas Maduro = Liberal hegemony policy of the United States against Venezuela's political conflict during the Nicolas Maduro government

Wardhani, Ni Putu Cintya Kusuma (2022) Kebijakan hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat terhadap konflik politik Venezuela pada masa pemerintahan Nicolas Maduro = Liberal hegemony policy of the United States against Venezuela's political conflict during the Nicolas Maduro government. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Hubungan Amerika Serikat dan Venezuela sedang mengalami gesekan yang dipicu oleh pemerintahan otoriter Nicolás Maduro. Gesekan itu telah membuat dominasi Amerika Serikat semakin memudar di Venezuela. Amerika Serikat menggunakan instrumen kebijakan luar negeri dengan citra demokrasi liberal untuk mempertahankan kembali hegemoninya di Venezuela. Penelitian ini menelaah upaya dari penyebaran hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat dan implikasi yang diakibatkan oleh hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat terhadap krisis ekonomi Venezuela pada masa pemerintahan Nicolás Maduro. Penelitian ini mengacu pada teori Liberalisme, konsep Kebijakan Luar Negeri, Demokratisasi, Nilai Liberalisme, Intervensionisme Liberal, dan Krisis Ekonomi.Penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Adapun data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada studi kepustakaan serta pencarian secara luring maupun daring. Data tersebut dikumpulkan dan dikaji lebih mendalam menggunakan teknik analisis naratif dan event-structure analysis (ESA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat adalah dengan demokratisasi melalui pihak oposisi Venezuela dan komunitas internasional, penyebaran propaganda melalui demonstrasi dan media, serta pemberian sanksi berupa executive order (EO). Selain itu, implikasi dari hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat telah menciptakan krisis ekonomi yang semakin parah di Venezuela dengan penurunan produksi minyak dan kerugian pada devisa negara. Pada akhirnya, hegemoni liberal Amerika Serikat menciptakan pemerintahan dualisme dan krisis berkepanjangan di Venezuela. / The autocratic regime of Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela is causing tension in relations with the United States. This conflict has weakened the United States' position in Venezuela. This research examines the efforts to spread United States liberal hegemony and the implications caused by United States liberal hegemony for the Venezuelan economic crisis during the reign of Nicolás Maduro. This research refers to the theory of Liberalism, the concept of Foreign Policy, Democratization, the Values of Liberalism, Liberal Interventionism, and the Economic Crisis. This research also uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data obtained in this study refers to literature studies and offline and online searches. The data was collected and studied in more depth using narrative analysis and event-structure analysis (ESA) techniques. According to the study's findings, the US is attempting to democratize Venezuela through the Venezuelan opposition and the international community, spreading propaganda through demonstrations and the media, and imposing sanctions in the form of executive orders (EO). In addition, the implication of United States liberal hegemony has created an increasingly severe economic crisis in Venezuela with a decrease in oil production and losses to the country's foreign exchange. In the end, the liberal hegemony of the United States created a government of dualism and a prolonged crisis in Venezuela.

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