Risiko hukum proses transformasi digital pada badan usaha milik negara ditinjau dari undang-undang perseroan terbatas dan undang-undang badan usaha milik negara

Simbolon, Harry Andrian (2022) Risiko hukum proses transformasi digital pada badan usaha milik negara ditinjau dari undang-undang perseroan terbatas dan undang-undang badan usaha milik negara. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Transformasi digital merupakan salah satu diskresi yang dilakukan Direksi BUMN agar perusahaan dapat terus tumbuh mengikuti perkembangan jaman. Dalam penelitian ini, Penulis mendefenisikan transformasi digital dengan mendirikan perusahaan digital. Terdapat tiga acara untuk mendirikan perusahaan digital, yaitu: 1) mengembangkan bisnis digital dalam internal Perusahaan BUMN untuk kemudian dipisahkan; 2) mendirikan perusahaan baru; dan 3) mengakuisisi Perusahaan Digital lain. Ketiga cara mendirikan Perusahaan Digital tersebut melibatkan penempatan dana dalam bentuk investasi yang sesuai dengan mekanisme dalam UU PT dan UU BUMN dan harus melalui serangkaian prosedur dan kewenangan yang ada oleh Organ Perseroan. Setiap pilihan metode dalam transformasi digital tentunya memiliki konsekuensi logis timbulnya permasalahan hukum. Keputusan melakukan transformasi digital sangat rentan terhadap risiko, apalagi jika perusahaan tersebut adalah Perusahaan Digital yang eksposur risikonya masih sangat besar meskpiun proses penampatan dana tersebut murni merupakan business judgment rule Direksi BUMN di mana Direksi menjalankan perannya sebagai fiduciary duty. Tanggung jawab hukum atas risiko hukum ini dapat juga dibebankan kepada anggota Direksi dan Komisaris Perusahaan BUMN sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 97 Ayat (3) dan Pasal 114 Ayat (3) UU PT ataupun Pasal 55 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Perintah dari ketentuan PER-01/MBU/2011 untuk membuat manual manajemen risiko dan ketentuan PER-5/MBU/09/2022 untuk membuat kebijakan manajemen risiko, merupakan salah satu kepastian hukum bagi BUMN untuk menerapkan manajemen risiko dengan cara membuat manual dan kebijakan manajemen risiko sebagai panduan. Perintah ini secara pasti mewajibkan setiap Direksi BUMN untuk membuat manual dan kebijakan manajemen risiko tersebut./ Digital transformation is one of the discretions carried out by the SOE Directors so that the company can continue to grow with the times. In this study, the Author defines digital transformation by establishing a digital company. There are three ways to establish a digital company, namely: 1) developing a digital business within the internal state-owned company to be separated later; 2) establish a new company; and 3) acquire another digital company. The three ways to establish a digital company involve the placement of funds in the form of investments in accordance with the mechanisms in the Limited Liability Company Law and the Stated-Owned Enterprises Law and must go through a series of procedures and authorities that exist by the Company's Organs. Every choice of method in digital transformation certainly has a logical consequence of the emergence of legal problems. The decision to carry out digital transformation is very vulnerable to risk, especially if the company is a digital company whose risk exposure is still very large even though the process of placing the funds is purely a business judgment rule of the SOE Directors in which the Directors carry out their role as fiduciary duty. Legal responsibility for this legal risk can also be borne by members of the Board of Directors and Commissioners of BUMN companies as stipulated in Article 97 Paragraph (3) and Article 114 Paragraph (3) of the Company Law or Article 55 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). The order from the provisions of PER-01/MBU/2011 to make a risk management manual and the provisions of PER-5/MBU/09/2022 to make a risk management policy, is one of the legal certainty for SOEs to implement risk management by making manuals and management policies. risk as a guide. This order definitely obliges every SOE Board of Directors to make manuals and risk management policies.

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