MNC and State Relations in Fulfilling the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Case Study of Colombia & The Coca-Cola Company = Korporasi Multinasional dan Hubungan Negara dalam Memenuhi Prinsip Panduan The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Studi Kasus Colombia & The Coca-Cola Company

Reinaldi, Kevin (2023) MNC and State Relations in Fulfilling the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Case Study of Colombia & The Coca-Cola Company = Korporasi Multinasional dan Hubungan Negara dalam Memenuhi Prinsip Panduan The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Studi Kasus Colombia & The Coca-Cola Company. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Human rights are the basic rights that humans have simply because they exist as human beings. It should be inherent, inseparable, and never be legitimately abridged. However, the MNCs' activities are believed to cause potential adverse human rights impacts. As an example, The Coca-Cola Company's operation in Colombia has encountered numerous criticisms for its unethical behavior towards its employees. Unfortunately, Colombia does not have the resources and legal capabilities to address the issue. Cases like the Coca-Cola Company's activities in Colombia have gained international recognition, and efforts to regulate MNCs activities have manifested throughout the years. In 2011, the UN Human Rights Council endorsed the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), a distinct yet complimentary guiding principle for states and businesses to address human rights issues. In the same year, the Coca-Cola Company announced its support of the UNGP and later released a Human Rights Policy in 2014, while Colombia released a National Action Plan in 2015. Given the non- legally binding nature of the UNGP, this research intends to analyze how far Colombia and The Coca-Cola Company have fulfilled their duties and responsibilities to protect and respect human rights. This research adopts Miles and Huberman's qualitative analysis technique that involves three-step flows through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings of this research are fascinating as Colombia shows an inconsistency between its policy and practices and does not adopt the foundational principle of the UNGP. In contrast, The Coca-Cola Company has shown promising results yet requires further improvements. / Korporasi Multinasional dan Hubungan Negara dalam Memenuhi Prinsip Panduan The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Studi Kasus Colombia & The Coca-Cola Company (xiii + 125 halaman: 4 tabel) Kata Kunci: United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, Kolombia, The Coca-Cola Company, Bisnis dan HAM, Norma HAM Internasional Hak asasi manusia merupakan hak dasar yang dimiliki manusia dan bersifat melekat serta tidak dapat dipisahkan dari diri manusia. Namun, kegiatan perusahaan multinasional/multinational corporations (MNCs) dapat berdampak buruk terhadap hak asasi manusia. Sebagai contoh, kehadiran The Coca-Cola Company di Kolombia mendapat banyak kritik karena perilakunya yang tidak etis terhadap karyawannya. Sayangnya, Kolombia tidak memiliki sumber daya dan kemampuan hukum untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Sehingga, hal ini menyebabkan kasus- kasus seperti aktivitas Perusahaan Coca-Cola di Kolombia telah mendapat perhatian internasional. Sebagai bentuk kerja sama internasional negara-negara untuk menangani masalah hak asasi manusia, Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia PBB pada tahun 2011 mengesahkan The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights sebagai sebuah prinsip panduan bagi negara dan perusahaan untuk saling melengkapi dalam mengatasi masalah hak asasi manusia. Pada tahun yang sama, Perusahaan Coca-Cola mengumumkan dukungannya terhadap UNGP dan kemudian mengeluarkan Kebijakan Hak Asasi Manusia pada tahun 2014, sementara Kolombia mengeluarkan Rencana Aksi Nasional pada tahun 2015. Mengingat sifat UNGP yang tidak mengikat secara hukum, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis sejauh mana Kolombia dan The Coca-Cola Company telah memenuhi tugas dan tanggung jawabnya untuk melindungi dan menghormati hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif yang melibatkan tiga langkah melalui reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Temuan penelitian ini menarik karena Kolombia menunjukkan ketidakkonsistenan antara kebijakan dan praktiknya dan tidak mengadopsi prinsip dasar UNGP. Sebaliknya, The Coca-Cola Company telah menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan namun membutuhkan perbaikan lebih lanjut dalam hal menghargai hak asasi manusia serta turut memproteksi hak asasi manusia sesuai mandat negara.

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