Hak berdaulat Indonesia atas perikanan di Laut Natuna Utara yang terkena klaim sepihak Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

Christian, Axel Victor (2022) Hak berdaulat Indonesia atas perikanan di Laut Natuna Utara yang terkena klaim sepihak Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan di Asia Tenggara. Indonesia memiliki hak berdaulat di Laut Natuna Utara dalam hal perikanan. Perikanan di Laut Natuna Utara sangatlah banyak dan berlimpah dan secara ekonomi bernilai tingggi. Nelayan-nelayan Indonesia sudah sering melakukan penangkapan ikan di daerah Laut Natuna Utara dan seringkali mereka terganggu dengan adanya kapa lasing yang diabayang-bayangi penjaga kapal negara asing. Nelayan sudah meminta pemerintah Indonesia untuk menindaklanjuti hal tersebut namun seringkali tidak mendapatkan balasan. RRT melakukan klaim NDL yang bersinggungan dengan Laut Natuna Utara sehingga timbul tumpang tindih. RRT dalam klaim NDLnya adalah sepihak dan tidak menghormati ketentuan UNCLOS dimana RRT adalah anggota UNCLOS. RRT mengklaim kedaulatan penuh dalam NDLnya. Pengaturan hak berduaulat bersifat baku dan membenarkan Indonesia untuk melaksanakan hak berdaulat sehauh 200 mil laut tanpa persetujuan negara manapun. Namun hal tersebut tidak mungkin dilakukan mengingat bahwa terdapat RRT yang bersinggungan dengan NDLnya dan berpotensi konflik terbuka. Pelaksanaan hak berdaulat di Laut Natuna Utara haruslah berdasarkan delimitasi dalam sebuah kerjasama internasional karena konflik terbuka bukanlah opsi yang optimal. Delimitasi yang digunakan adalah dengan prinsip garis tengah karena prinsip garis tengah bersifat fleksibel dan dapat mengakomodasi kebijakan perikana kedua negara yaitu Indonesia dan RRT. Delimitasi dengan Kerjasama Internasional akan meningkatakan hubungan diplomatik kedua negara dan instansi-instansi yang berhubungan dengan perikanan kedua negara./ Indonesia is an archipelago country in Southeast Asia. Indonesia has sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea in terms of fisheries. Fisheries in the North Natuna Sea are numerous and abundant and have high economic value. Indonesian fishermen have often fished in the North Natuna Sea area and they are often disturbed by the presence of foreign ships that are shadowed by foreign ship guards. Fishermen have asked the Indonesian government to follow up on this matter but have often received no reply. PRC makes NDL claims that intersect with the North Natuna Sea so that overlapping arises. The PRC in its NDL claim is unilateral and does not respect the provisions of UNCLOS whereby PRC is a member of UNCLOS. PRC claims full sovereignty in its NDL. The regulation of sovereign rights is standard and allows Indonesia to exercise sovereign rights of up to 200 nautical miles without the approval of any country. However, this is not possible considering that there is PRC which intersects with its NDL and has the potential for open conflict. The exercise of sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea must be based on delimitation in an international cooperation because open conflict is not the optimal option. The delimitation used is the median principle because the median principle is flexible and can accommodate the fisheries policies of the two countries, namely Indonesia and China. Delimitation with International Cooperation will improve diplomatic relations between the two countries and agencies related to the fisheries of the two countries.

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