Peran United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) dalam Menangani Permasalahan Stunting di Indonesia (2016-2020) = The Role of United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) In Overcoming Stunting in Indonesia (2016-2020)

Tedja, Sandrina Tysca (2023) Peran United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) dalam Menangani Permasalahan Stunting di Indonesia (2016-2020) = The Role of United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) In Overcoming Stunting in Indonesia (2016-2020). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Prevalensi stunting pada balita di Indonesia menunjukkan angka yang memprihatinkan, di mana telah melampaui jauh dari standar internasional, bahkan cenderung naik. Anak-anak yang menderita stunting berpotensi besar mengalami penurunan pada fungsi kognitif, imunitas, produktivitas, serta rentan akan penyakit degeneratif pada masa dewasa. Dalam jangka panjang akan berdampak kepada rendahnya kualitas SDM masyarakat Indonesia. UNICEF selaku organisasi internasional yang menjadikan kesejateraan anak-anak sebagai fokus utama, menjalin kerja sama dengan Pemerintah Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk memastikan pemenuhan hak dasar anak di Indonesia, termasuk hak atas kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran akan kompleksitas serta tantangan dalam penanganan stunting, kemudian melihat bagaimana UNICEF selaku organisasi internasional berperan untuk meminimaliskan isu kesehatan stunting pada anak-anak di Indonesia dengan tantangan dan hambatan yang ada. Peran UNICEF akan ditelaah melalui perspektif Neoliberalisme, teori Institusional dan konsep tata kelola global, intergovermental organization, serta HAM dan Hak Anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara kualitatif dengan merujuk pada menggunakan metode penelitian historical-comparative untuk dapat menemukan hubungan faktor-faktor sosial dan membandingkan proses perkembangan peran dan kontribusi UNICEF di Indonesia dalam penanganan stunting. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan teknik penelusuran daring untuk kemudian dianalisis secara naratif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, di dapatkan bahwa penanganan stunting yang tertunda di Indonesia disebabkan oleh kurangnya kapasitas pemerintah untuk dapat memantau dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program kesehatan dan gizi di beberapa daerah, khususnya di daerah terpencil. Dengan kerja sama ini, UNICEF berperan dalam percepatan penanggulangan stunting di Indonesia dengan menjadi perpanjangan tangan pemerintah untuk menjangkau daerah-daerah tertinggal tersebut. Dengan kapasitas yang dimiliki, UNICEF mampu memberikan pendanaan, bantuan teknis, menginisiasi program kerja sekaligus kegiatan advokasi di tingkat nasional, sub-nasional dan masyarakat. / The prevalence of stunting in children under five in Indonesia shows an alarming number, which has far exceeded international standards, and even tends to rise. Children who suffer from stunting have a greater risk of experiencing a decline in cognitive function, immunity, productivity, and are vulnerable to degenerative diseases in adulthood. In the long term, it will have an impact on the low quality of Indonesian human resources. UNICEF as an international organization that makes children's welfare its main focus, collaborates with the Indonesian government which aims to ensure the fulfillment of children's basic rights in Indonesia, including the right to health. This research was conducted to provide an overview of the complexities and challenges in overcoming stunting, and furthermore to see UNICEF as an international organization plays a role in minimizing stunting health issues in children in Indonesia with the existing challenges and obstacles. The role of UNICEF will be examined through the perspective of Neoliberalism, Institutional theory and the concept of global governance, intergovernmental organization, and human rights and children's rights. The research was carried out qualitatively with reference to using historical-comparative research methods to be able to find the relationship between social factors and compare the process of developing the role and contribution of UNICEF in Indonesia in dealing with stunting. Data was collected through library research and online search techniques to be analyzed in a narrative manner. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that the delayed handling of stunting in Indonesia is caused by the lack of government capacity to be able to monitor and evaluate the implementation of health and nutrition programs in several regions, especially in remote areas. With this collaboration, UNICEF plays a role in accelerating stunting prevention in Indonesia by becoming an extension of the government's arm to reach these underdeveloped areas. With its capacity, UNICEF is able to provide funding, technical assistance, initiate work programs as well as advocacy activities at the national, sub-national and community levels.

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