Analisis penguasaan tambang kobalt di Republik Demokratik Kongo oleh Cina

Rahangiar, Nicholas (2023) Analisis penguasaan tambang kobalt di Republik Demokratik Kongo oleh Cina. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Republik Demokratik Kongo merupakan negara yang kaya akan hasil alam terutama kobalt. Namun, sebagai bagian dari perjanjian antara Republik Demokratik Kongo dan Cina, Kongo memberikan hak eksploitasi kekayaan kobalt Kongo kepada Cina. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai alat tukar terhadap pembangunan dan rehabilitasi infrastruktur Kongo yang dilakukan Cina. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mendukung perjanjian ini dapat terjadi, dan mengkaji kepentingan nasional apa yang ingin dicapai Cina melalui perjanjian infrastructure-for-minerals ini. Kerjasama ini merupakan hal yang esensial untuk diteliti karena kelangkaan dan potensi kobalt yang disebut sebagai “the new oil”. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori Realisme Struktural, dengan konsep kekuatan ekonomi, relative gains, dan national interest. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode eksplanatori. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelusuran daring. Data-data yang dikumpulkan kemudian akan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis naratif Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor dari sisi internal (Republik demokratik Kongo) dan eksternal (Cina) tentang mengapa kesepakatan ini terlaksana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi terlaksananya perjanjian infrastructure-for-minerals antara Republik Demokratik Kongo dan Cina. Faktor internal melalui sejarah Kongo, memperlihatkan kebiasaan Kongo menggunakan kekayaan alam sebagai alat tukar. Selain itu, faktor eksternal akan melihat integrasi ekonomi-politik Cina dan struktur dari kesepakatan yang ternyata lebih menguntungkan Cina. Faktor-faktor tersebut mendorong Cina untuk meraih kepentingan nasional Cina memperluas pengaruh ekonomi dan politik secara internasional ditengah politik dunia yang anarkis. / The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country rich in natural resources, especially cobalt. However, as part of the agreement between the Democratic Republic of Congo and China, Congo granted the exploitation rights of Congo's cobalt wealth to China. This was done as a medium of exchange for the construction and rehabilitation of Congo's infrastructure by China. This research was conducted to study the factors that support this agreement to occur, and examine what national interests China wants to achieve through this infrastructure-for-minerals agreement. This collaboration is an essential thing to research because of the scarcity and potential of cobalt which is referred to as "the new oil". This study will use the theory of Structural Realism, with the concepts of economic power, relative gains, and national interest. This research will use a qualitative approach with an explanatory method. Data collected through library research and online searches. The data collected will then be analyzed using narrative analysis techniques. This study analyzes internal (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and external (China) factors as to why this agreement was implemented. The results showed that there were 3 factors that influenced the implementation of the infrastructure-for-minerals agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and China. Internal factors through the history of the Congo, show the Congo's habit of using natural wealth as a medium of exchange. In addition, external factors will look at China's economic-political integration and the structure of the agreement which turns out to give China the upper hand. These factors encourage China to achieve China's national interests to expand its economic and political influence internationally amid an anarchic world politics.

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