Pemanfaatan limbah kopi dalam pembuatan kemasan biokomposit = Utilization of coffee by-products in the making of biocomposite packaging

Kusumah, Andika Mulyawan (2022) Pemanfaatan limbah kopi dalam pembuatan kemasan biokomposit = Utilization of coffee by-products in the making of biocomposite packaging. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kemasan biokomposit dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan matriks polimer dengan serat alami. Limbah kopi merupakan salah satu jenis produk samping yang dapat digunakan sebagai filler kemasan dengan memanfaatkan kandungan serat yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan penggunaan limbah kopi menjadi sebuah kemasan biokomposit dengan sifat mekanik yang baik, tahan air, mudah terurai, dan bersifat aman bagi lingkungan sebagai alternatif plastik konvensional dengan menambahkan polivinil alkohol(PVA), gliserol, dan asam sitrat untuk meningkatkan karakteristik kemasan. Sebanyak 6 rasio perlakuan berbeda antara PVA dan limbah kopi (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) serta penambahan gliserol dengan 2 konsentrasi yang berbeda (2% dan 4%) digunakan sebagai faktor dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 3 tahap meliputi pembuatan limbah kopi halus, pembuatan kemasan biokomposit, dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik akhir kemasan biokomposit. Produk akhir merupakan kemasan biokomposit yang dianalisis sifat mekanik (kuat tarik, elongasi, dan modulus Young), daya serap air, dan kemampuan biodegradasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, perlakuan terbaik merupakan rasio 90:10 dengan penambahan gliserol sebanyak 2% yang memiliki kuat tarik sebesar 9,08±1,60 MPa, elongasi sebesar 327,99±32,18%, modulus Young sebesar 2,78±0,16 MPa, daya serap air sebesar 34,48±0,36%, dan terdegradasi sebesar 12,35±0,51%. / Biocomposite packaging can be made by mixing a polymer matrix with natural fibers. Coffee by-products is one type of by-products that can be used as a packaging filler by utilizing its fiber content. This research aims to utilize the use of coffee by-products into a biocomposite packaging with good mechanical properties, water resistant, easily biodegradable, and environmentally safe as an alternative for the conventional plastic bags by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),glycerol, and citric acid to increase its characteristic. 6 treatment ratios of PVA and coffee by-products (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) and addition of glycerol with 2 different concentration (2% and 4%) were used in this research. This research was divided into 3 steps, including the making of fine coffee byproducts, the making of biocomposite packaging, and to determine the effect of citric acid addition to the final characteristic of biocomposite packaging. The final product of this research was a biocomposite packaging that has been analyzed for its mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, and Young’s modulus), water absorption, and biodegradability. Based on the test results, the best treatment in this research was the 90:10 ratio with 2% of glycerol addition, which has a tensile strength of 9,08±1,60 MPa, elongation of 327,99±32,18%, Young’s modulus of 2,78±0,16 MPa, water absorption of 34,48±0,36%, and degraded by 12,35±0,51%.

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