Karakteristik Kemasan Biokomposit Limbah Kulit Biji Kopi dan Polivinil Alkohol dengan Penambahan Pati Biji Durian dan Gliserol = Characteristics of Biocomposite Packaging of Coffee Bean Skin Waste and Polyvinyl Alcohol with The Addition of Durian Seed Starch and Glycerol

Elizabeth, Agita Natasya (2022) Karakteristik Kemasan Biokomposit Limbah Kulit Biji Kopi dan Polivinil Alkohol dengan Penambahan Pati Biji Durian dan Gliserol = Characteristics of Biocomposite Packaging of Coffee Bean Skin Waste and Polyvinyl Alcohol with The Addition of Durian Seed Starch and Glycerol. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Plastik konvensional tidak mudah terurai secara alami meskipun memiliki keunggulan dalam karakteristik mekaniknya sehingga mendorong sejumlah pembuatan kemasan biokomposit. Biokomposit merupakan komponen yang terdiri atas dua atau lebih bahan penyusun sebagai matriks dan serat dan bahan yang digunakan berasal dari sumber daya alam terbarukan yang memiliki sifat mudah terurai. Serat selulosa dari limbah kulit biji kopi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengisi untuk meningkatkan sifat-sifat polimer dan polivinil alkohol (PVA) sebagai polimer mampu membentuk dan meningkatkan homogenitas suatu lembaran, penambahan pati biji durian ditujukan untuk menurunkan daya serap dan meningkatkan biodegradasi serta gliserol untuk mengurangi kerapuhan dan meningkatkan sifat plastis kemasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh rasio PVA dan limbah kulit biji kopi dan konsentrasi gliserol terhadap kuat tarik, pemanjangan, dan modulus elastisitas dan pengaruh penambahan pati biji durian terhadap kuat tarik, pemanjangan, modulus elastisitas, water absorption, dan biodegradasi. Faktor pada penelitian ini adalah rasio PVA:limbah kulit biji kopi (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) serta konsentrasi gliserol (2% dan 4%). Hasil analisis kemasan biokomposit terpilih yaitu rasio 90:10 dengan gliserol 2% memiliki nilai kuat tarik 12,51±0,54 MPa, pemanjangan 335,25±15,71%, dan modulus elastisitas 3,76±0,02 MPa. Formulasi dari hasil analisis kemasan biokomposit terpilih digunakan untuk pembuatan kemasan biokomposit dengan penambahan pati biji durian dengan faktor konsentrasi pati biji durian (0%(kontrol), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). Kemasan biokomposit terpilih adalah dengan penambahan konsentrasi pati biji durian sebesar 20%. Kemasan biokomposit tersebut memiliki nilai kuat tarik 10,91±0,36 MPa, pemanjangan 322,17±17,49%, modulus elastisitas 3,39±0,21 MPa, water absorption 104,97±21,32%, dan biodegradasi berdasarkan weight loss 6,61±0,77%. / Conventional plastics have advantages in their mechanical characteristics but not easily biodegradable, thus encouraging several manufacturing biocomposite packaging. A biocomposite is a component consisting of two or more compositing materials as a matrix and fibers and come from renewable natural resources that easy to decomposed. Cellulose fiber from coffee bean skin waste can be used as a filler to improve the properties of polymers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a polymer capable of forming and increasing the homogeneity of a sheet, the addition of durian seed starch to reduce water absorption and increase biodegradation and glycerol to reduce the brittleness and improve the plastic properties of the packaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the PVA : coffee bean skin waste ratio and the concentration of glycerol on tensile strength, elongation, and modulus elasticity and the effect of adding durian seed starch on tensile strength, elongation, modulus elasticity, water absorption, and biodegradation. Factors in this study were the PVA : coffee bean skin waste ratio (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) and glycerol concentrations (2% and 4%). The selected biocomposite packaging of 90:10 ratio with 2% glycerol has a tensile strength 12.51±0.54 MPa, elongation 335.25±15.71%, and modulus elasticity 3.76±0.02 MPa. Formulations of selected biocomposite packaging results are used for biocomposite packaging by adding durian seed starch with a factor concentration of durian seed starch (0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). The selected biocomposite packaging is with an additional 20% concentration of durian seed starch. The biocomposite package has a tensile strength 10.91±0.36 MPa, elongation 322.17±17.49%, modulus elasticity 3.39±0.21 MPa, water absorption 104.97±21.32%, and biodegradation based on weight loss 6.61±0.77%.

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