Dinamika Kerja Sama dalam International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia (2016–2021) = The Dynamics of Cooperation in the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) and the Impact on the Indonesian Economy (2016–2021)

Kurniawan, Jennifer Angelica (2023) Dinamika Kerja Sama dalam International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia (2016–2021) = The Dynamics of Cooperation in the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) and the Impact on the Indonesian Economy (2016–2021). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Harga karet alam bergejolak setelah Krisis Finansial Asia 1997 memengaruhi pendapatan negara dan para petani karet. Kondisi ini mendorong ketiga produsen utama karet alam, yaitu Thailand, Indonesia, dan Malaysia mendirikan International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) guna meningkatkan harga karet alam internasional. Namun, perekonomian dunia memburuk sejak tahun 2012 hingga 2015 dan telah menyebabkan harga karet alam internasional maupun domestik menurun secara berkelanjutan. International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) menerapkan kebijakan pembatasan kuota ekspor karet alam guna menstabilkan harga karet alam internasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak pembatasan kuota ekspor karet alam terhadap cadangan devisa, harga karet alam internasional maupun domestik, dan sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Kerangka berpikir dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori Neoliberalisme, termasuk konsep Interdependensi Kompleks, Perdagangan Internasional, dan Kerja Sama Internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, serta data yang digunakan diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan sumber daring. Kemudian, data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis naratif dan path dependency. Hasil penelitian menganalisis kebijakan ITRC yang berupaya untuk membatasi kuota ekspor karet alam untuk menjaga stabilitas harga karet alam internasional. Penelitian ini juga memaparkan dinamika kerja sama di antara ketiga negara anggota ITRC untuk menstabilkan harga karet alam di pasar internasional. Hasil penelitian juga menjelaskan dampak harga karet alam internasional terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Kebijakan pembatasan kuota ekspor karet alam sudah memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap meningkatnya cadangan devisa dan harga karet alam internasional maupun Indonesia. Namun, pembatasan ini belum berdampak signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani karet alam Indonesia. Kondisi ini disebabkan karena lemahnya konsumsi karet alam domestik, seperti industri-industri dalam negeri yang menggunakan bahan dasar karet alam. / The volatility of natural rubber prices after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis affected the state's and rubber farmers' income. This condition encouraged the three major producers of natural rubber, namely Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, to create the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) to raise international prices for natural rubber. However, the world economy deteriorated from 2012 to 2015 and has caused both international and domestic natural rubber prices to continue to decline. The International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) implemented a policy of limiting natural rubber export quotas to stabilize international natural rubber prices. This study is conducted to analyze the impact of the natural rubber export budget on foreign exchange reserves, international and domestic natural rubber prices, and Indonesian human resources. The framework in this research is Neoliberalism theory, the concepts of Complex Interdependence, International Trade, and International Cooperation. This research is conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, and the data is collected through literature studies and online sources. Then, the data are analyzed using narrative analysis and path dependency techniques. This research analyzes the ITRC's policy which seeks to limit the export quota of natural rubber to maintain the stability of international natural rubber prices. This research also describes the dynamics of cooperation among the three ITRC member countries to stabilize natural rubber prices in the international market. The results explain the impact of international natural rubber prices on the Indonesian economy. The policy of limiting the export quota of natural rubber has had a significant impact on increasing foreign exchange reserves and international also Indonesian natural rubber prices. However, this limitation has no significant impact on the incomes of Indonesian producers of natural rubber. Owing to the fact that the low consumption of natural rubber in the country, such as domestic industries that use natural rubber as a base material.

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