PERUBAHAN SIKAP JERMAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN INTELEKTUAL PROPERTI VAKSIN COVID-19

Utomo, Maria Magdalena (2023) PERUBAHAN SIKAP JERMAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN INTELEKTUAL PROPERTI VAKSIN COVID-19. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kebijakan IP waiver terhadap vaksin Covid-19 merupakan proposal yang diajukan oleh Afrika Selatan dan India sebagai negara berkembang kepada World Trade Organization (WTO). Kebijakan ini merupakan salah satu upaya pemerataan dalam distribusi vaksin di seluruh dunia melalui pembagian sumber daya manusia hingga teknologi. Dengan keputusan setuju atau tidaknya Jerman terhadap kebijakan tersebut, mempengaruhi adanya keputusan yang harus ditetapkan oleh WTO. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan sikap Jerman yang semula tidak setuju terhadap IP waiver, berubah dengan mendukung adanya kebijakan IP waiver tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori neoklasik realisme dengan konsep yang digunakan terdiri dari kepentingan nasional, international behavior, keamanan non-tradisional, dan balance of power. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, metode deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah sumber data sekunder, teknik analisis data yang penulis gunakan yakni Event Structure Analysis (ESA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan sikap Jerman dalam mendukung adanya Intellectual Property (IP) waiver adalah faktor politik domestik Jerman yaitu datang dari partai politik serta pandangan Jerman yang akhirnya mendesak agar IP waiver segera terlaksana. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi Jerman datang dari berbagai pihak yaitu organisasi internasional, organisasi non-pemerintah, dorongan negara lain serta jalinan kerja sama antar negara. Dari hasil pembahasan yang sudah penulis paparkan, terdapat kepentingan nasional yang berkontribusi dalam pembentukan foreign policy Jerman. / The IP waiver policy for the Covid-19 vaccine is a proposal submitted by South Africa and India as developing countries to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This policy is one of the efforts to equalize the distribution of vaccines worldwide by allocating human resources to technology. Whether Germany agrees or disagrees with this policy affects the decisions the WTO must make. So, this study aims to discuss the factors that influenced the change in German attitudes, which initially did not agree with IP waivers, changed to support the existence of the IP waiver policy. This study uses the theory of neoclassical realism with concepts consisting of national interests, international behavior, non-traditional security, and balance of power. The research approach used is qualitative, the descriptive method, the data collection technique that the authors use is secondary data sources, and the data analysis technique that the authors use is Event Structure Analysis (ESA). Germany's support for the Intellectual Property (IP) waiver was a factor in Germany's domestic politics, namely coming from political parties and German views which ultimately urged the IP waiver to be implemented immediately. Meanwhile, external factors affecting Germany came from various parties, namely international organizations, non-governmental organizations, encouragement from other countries, and cooperation between countries. From the results of the discussion that the author has described, national interests contribute to the formation of Germany's foreign policy.

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