Perbandingan kebijakan luar negeri Barack Obama dan Donald Trump terhadap Inggris dalam bidang ekonomi

Angelie, Cynthia (2023) Perbandingan kebijakan luar negeri Barack Obama dan Donald Trump terhadap Inggris dalam bidang ekonomi. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perkembangan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat (AS) dari masa pemerintahan Presiden Barack Obama beralih ke masa pemerintahan Presiden Donald Trump menuai beragam kontroversi. Kebijakan luar negeri yang ditetapkan memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap salah satu mitra utama AS sejak dulu yaitu Inggris khususnya dalam bidang ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembentukan kebijakan luar negeri yang dipengaruhi oleh aktor individu dan menganalisis perbedaan implementasi kebijakan luar negeri Presiden Obama dengan Presiden Trump terhadap Inggris dalam bidang ekonomi. Dasar kerangka penelitian ini memakai teori Realisme Neoklasik, juga konsep Kebijakan Luar Negeri, Kepentingan Nasional, dan Diplomasi Ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode historis�komparatif. Data yang dikumpulkan didapat melalui studi kepustakaan dan penulusuran daring. Kemudian data-data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analytic comparison dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menguraikan proses pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri AS sangat dipengaruhi oleh persepsi dan ambisi dari aktor individu, lebih tepatnya adalah Presiden. Melalui penelitian ini juga terlihat jelas perbedaan dari kebijakan luar negeri AS yang diambil oleh Presiden Obama yang menggunakan pendekatan multilateralisme dan Presiden Trump yang menggunakan pendekatan bilateralisme mampu memberikan dampak yang berbeda pada ekonomi Inggris, khususnya dalam arus perdagangan ekspor impor, investasi dan tarif./ The development of United States (US) foreign policy from the administration of President Barack Obama to the administration of President Donald Trump has drawn various controversies. The foreign policy that has been set has had a significant impact on one of the main US partners, namely the United Kingdom (UK), especially in the economic field. This study was conducted to describe the process of foreign policy formulation that is influenced by individual actors and to analyze the differences between President Obama's and President Trump’s foreign policy towards the UK in the economic field. The basic framework of this research uses the theory of Neoclassical Realism, as well as the concepts of Foreign Policy, National Interest, and Economic Diplomacy. This research is conducted using a qualitative approach with historical-comparative method. The data is collected through library research and online searches. Then the data is analyzed using analytic comparison technique and presented descriptively. This research also describes the process of making US foreign policy is strongly influenced by the perceptions and ambitions of individual actors, more specifically the President. Through this research, it is also clear that the differences in US foreign policies taken by President Obama who uses a multilateralism approach and President Trump who uses a bilateralism approach are able to have different impacts on the UK economy, especially in the flow of export-import trade, investment and tariffs.

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