Politik energi perdagangan gas alam dalam relasi Rusia - Uni Eropa: studi kasus pipa gas Nordstream 1 & 2

Hamel, Elifele Imanuel (2023) Politik energi perdagangan gas alam dalam relasi Rusia - Uni Eropa: studi kasus pipa gas Nordstream 1 & 2. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perdagangan gas alam adalah bagian utama dari kerja sama ekonomi dalam relasi antara Uni Eropa dan Rusia. Sejak peluncuran Nordstream 1, Nordstream 1 & 2 seringkali menjadi faktor utama dalam dinamika politik yang terjadi antara Uni Eropa dan Rusia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perkembangan dinamika dari Nordstream dan relasinya terhadap perkembangan dinamika politik Rusia dan Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode studi kasus, dan teknik naratif deskriptif untuk membahas korelasi antar dinamika secara kronologis. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan neoliberal akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini beserta beberapa konsep yaitu ekonomi politik, keamanan energi, geopolitik, dan geoekonomi. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian menunjukan bagaimana Nordstream membentuk dinamika politik dan sebaliknya yang terjadi secara bertahap. Dinamika yang terjadi sekitar peluncuran Nordstream 1 menunjukan pembangunan Nordstream 1 yang didorong oleh faktor politik. Dinamika yang terjadi sekitar peluncuran Nordstream 2 menunjukan mulai sulitnya untuk membedekan aspek bisnis dari aspek politik dalam penentuan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan Nordstream. Pola tersebut menjadi latar belakang dari dinamika dalam periode selanjutnya yang melihat pemberhentian pasokan gas Nordstream dipakai sebagai alat geopolitik baik oleh Rusia ataupun Uni Eropa dalam konfrontasi keduanya lewat Konflik Ukraina. Di titik ini, sulit untuk mengisolasi Nordstream sebagai bisnis murni dan bukan alat dalam agenda politik. Kedepannya, sulit untuk membayangkan bagaimana keamanan energi Uni Eropa dapat bertahan tanpa kontribusi pasokan gas Nordstream. Meski begitu, keberlangsungan Nordstream bergantung erat pada keberhasilan dari Uni Eropa dan Rusia untuk mengisolasi Nordstream dari agenda politik./Natural gas trading is a major part of economic cooperation in the relationship between the European Union and Russia. Since the launch of Nordstream 1, Nordstream 1 & 2 has often been a major factor in the political dynamics that occur between the European Union and Russia. This research focuses on the developmental dynamics of Nordstream and its relation to the political dynamics of Russia and the European Union. This study uses a qualitative approach, case study method, and descriptive narrative techniques to discuss the correlation between dynamics chronologically. Therefore, a neoliberal approach will be used in this study along with several concepts, namely political economy, energy security, geopolitics, and geoeconomics. Thus, the research results show how Nordstream forms political dynamics and vice versa which occurs gradually. The dynamics surrounding the launch of Nordstream 1 show that the political development of Nordstream 1 is driven by many factors. The dynamics surrounding the launch of Nordstream 2 are starting to point in the direction that it is difficult to distinguish the business from the political aspects of policy related to Nordstream. This pattern became the background for the dynamics in the next period which saw the termination of Nordstream's gas supply being used as a geopolitical tool by either Russia or the European Union in their confrontation through the Ukraine Conflict. At this point, it's hard to isolate Nordstream as a pure business and not a tool on a political agenda. Going forward, it is difficult to imagine how the EU's energy security will survive without the contribution of Nordstream's gas supply. However, Nordstream's survival depends heavily on the success of the European Union and Russia to isolate Nordstream from the political agenda.

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