Analisis dampak perang dagang Amerika Serikat dan Cina terhadap supply chain Apple di Cina (2018-2021)

Tyanus, Lungga (2023) Analisis dampak perang dagang Amerika Serikat dan Cina terhadap supply chain Apple di Cina (2018-2021). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perdagangan Internasional merupakan sebuah kegiatan pertukaran barang dan jasa antara dua negara atau lebih yang diawasi dan diatur oleh Organisasi Internasional yaitu, World Trade Organizations atau WTO. Ketika aturan dilanggar, maka WTO akan mengambil tindakan dalam menyelesaikan sengketa, seperti yang terjadi dengan perang dagang antara Amerika Serikat dan Cina. Perang dagang memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap beberapa pihak, seperti Apple salah satu Multinational Corporations yang memiliki pusat manufaktur di Cina. Perang dagang telah mengganggu sistem Supply Chain Apple di Cina. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui data sekunder seperti studi kepustakaan dan penelusuran daring. Data-data tersebut diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik naratif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Neoliberalisme, dengan konsep seperti Perdagangan Internasional, Perang Dagang, Negative Reciprocity, Multinational Corporations, dan Supply Chain. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, Amerika Serikat dan Cina berusaha untuk mencapai kesepakatan dagang dalam pertemuan berbagai tingkat, sehingga dari kedua pihak bisa membangun kembali kerjasama untuk mencapai keuntungan bersama, namun kesepakatan tersebut belum bisa tercapai sehingga Supply Chain Apple merasakan dampak kerugian dalam penjualan tahunan, penjualanan secara regional, dan penurunan gross profit margin. Serta Apple harus memindahkan Sebagian produksi ke negara India dan Vietnam demi menghindari tarif biaya yang dikenakan oleh Amerika Serikat. Collective outcome telah gagal untuk dicapai akibat dari perang dagang yang terus berlangsung. / International trade is an activity of exchanging goods and services between two or more countries which is supervised and regulated by an international organization, namely, the World Trade Organizations or WTO. When the rules are violated, the WTO will take action to resolve the dispute, as happened with the trade war between the United States and China. The trade war had a major impact on several parties, such as Apple, one of the Multinational Corporations which has a manufacturing center in China. The trade war has disrupted Apple's Supply Chain system in China. The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive method. Data is collected through secondary data such as library research and online searches. These data were processed and analyzed using narrative techniques. The theory used in this research is Neoliberalism, with concepts such as International Trade, Trade War, Negative Reciprocity, Multinational Corporations, and Supply Chain. Based on research conducted, the United States and China are trying to reach a trade agreement at meetings of various levels, so that the two parties can rebuild cooperation to achieve mutual benefits, but the agreement has not been reached so that Apple's Supply Chain feels the impact of losses in annual sales, sales regionally and gross profit margin. Apple had to move part of its production to India and Vietnam to avoid the cost tariffs imposed by The United States. The collective outcome has failed to be achieved because of the ongoing trade war.

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