The United States Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy on Strengthening Democratic Values in Southeast Asia

Sandie, Mudita (2022) The United States Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy on Strengthening Democratic Values in Southeast Asia. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

In response to the present challenges of the liberal international order and democratic decline in the Indo-Pacific, the United States established the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy to strengthen the intersubjective structure—shared norms and rules—in the region. This research attempts to explore the implementation of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy on strengthening democratic values in Southeast Asia as well as its role and limitations. The data is gathered through literature study and secondary data where constructivism theory and its concepts are used as the analytical tools for this research. There are three instruments under the strategy that contribute to strengthening democratic values, namely the Summit for Democracy, the Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal, and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, where they have the role to reaffirm and reinforce the salience of democracy and its values as an intersubjectively shared understanding through a group affiliation or community—affecting the behavior of states to act as accordingly. However, the United States faces several limitations on its endeavors, which are the declining legitimacy and credibility of the United States as democracy and its promoter, as well as the different identities and understandings of democracy between the United States and Southeast Asia that fundamentally limits / Dalam menanggapi tantangan terhadap tatanan berbasis aturan dan adanya erosi demokrasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, Amerika Serikat membentuk strategi Indo-Pasifik yang Bebas dan Terbuka untuk memperkukuh struktur intersubjektif di kawasan tersebut. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki implementasi dari strategi Indo-Pasifik yang Bebas dan Terbuka dalam memperkuat nilai-nilai demokrasi di Asia Tenggara serta peran dan limitasi strategi tersebut. Data diambil dari studi literatur dan data sekunder di mana teori konstruktivisme dan konsep-konsepnya digunakan sebagai alat analisis untuk riset ini. Terdapat tiga instrumen di bawah strateginya yang berkontribusi dalam memperkuat nilai-nilai demokrasi, yaitu the Summit for Democracy, the Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal, dan the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework yang memiliki peran untuk menegaskan dan memperkuat kepentingan demokrasi dan nilai-nilainya sebagai kepahaman bersama melalui group affiliation atau komunitas—mempengaruhi perilaku negara-negara untuk berperilaku sesuai dengan strukturnya. Namun, Amerika Serikat menghadapi beberapa limitasi dalam mencapai objektifnya, yaitu penurunan legitimasi dan kredibilitas Amerika Serikat sebagai negara demokrasi dan promotor demokrasi serta perbedaan identitas dan pemahaman demokrasi antara Amerika Serikat dan Asia Tenggara yang membatasi secara fundamental.

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