The United States freedom of navigation operations (FONOPS) in confronting China's claims in the South China Sea (2014-2022)= Operasi Kebebasan Navigasi Amerika Serikat (FONOPS) dalam menghadapi klaim Cina di Laut Cina Selatan (2014-2022)

Minderman, Vanessa (2023) The United States freedom of navigation operations (FONOPS) in confronting China's claims in the South China Sea (2014-2022)= Operasi Kebebasan Navigasi Amerika Serikat (FONOPS) dalam menghadapi klaim Cina di Laut Cina Selatan (2014-2022). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

China’s claims over the South China Sea (SCS) islands have been an international concern over the past decades that resulted in a SCS territorial dispute. China’s claims do not meet the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). As China continuously develop and accelerates its presence in the region through island building and military advancements. This endangers the rights of Freedom of Navigation (FON) in the SCS, undermines the regional states sovereignty rights, causes disruption in sail routes and security concerns. The United States (US) responded by enforcing UNCLOS through its Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs). This research aims to examine the US FONOPs whilst exploring China’s claims in the SCS, with the theory of Neorealism and its concepts such as Anarchy, National Interests, and Sovereignty to support the analysis of the findings. This research uses a qualitative method and adopts an explanatory method to discuss the issue with information from secondary data. Moreover, this research examines the use and implications of FONOPs throughout three US presidencies which the findings concluded that FONOPs is not enough to counter China in the SCS, however, it is also needed to be observed further in the future. / Klaim China atas kepulauan Laut China Selatan (LCS) telah menjadi perhatian internasional selama beberapa dekade terakhir yang mengakibatkan sengketa teritorial LCS. Klaim China tidak memenuhi ketentuan Konvensi Hukum Laut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNCLOS). Karena China terus mengembangkan dan mempercepat pembangunan pulau dan kemajuan militer agar memperkuaat klaim mereka atas SCS. Hal ini membahayakan hak Freedom of Navigation (FON) di LCS, merongrong hak kedaulatan negara kawasan, menyebabkan terganggunya jalur pelayaran dan masalah keamanan. Amerika Serikat (AS) merespons dengan menegakkan UNCLOS melalui Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji FONOPs AS sambil mengeksplorasi klaim China di LCS, dengan teori Neorealisme dan konsepnya seperti Anarki, Kepentingan Nasional, dan Kedaulatan untuk mendukung analisis temuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan mengadopsi metode eksplanatori untuk membahas masalah dengan informasi dari data sekunder. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan dan implikasi FONOPs di tiga kepresidenan AS yang temuannya menyimpulkan bahwa FONOPs tidak cukup untuk melawan China di LCS, namun juga perlu dicermati lebih jauh ke depan.

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