DIGITAL BUCK CONVERTER MENGGUNAKAN MICROCONTROLLER

Michael, Michael (2023) DIGITAL BUCK CONVERTER MENGGUNAKAN MICROCONTROLLER. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Berkembangnya elektronika dalam bidang industri dan konsumen membuat konversi daya menjadi sangat penting seperti dalam aplikasi pengisian baterai atau charger, mobil bertenaga listrik, processor pada smart phone maupun pada komputer dan pengendalian motor di industri. Pada skripsi ini dirancang, dibuat, dan dikarakterisasikan salah satu rangkaian elektronika daya penurun tegangan yaitu buck converter. Buck converter dibuat dengan memanfaatkan microcontroller DSC atau digital signal controller yaitu DSPic33CH512MP508. Buck converter menghasilkan keluaran tegangan 5 V dari masukan 12 V. Kontrol buck converter menggunakan mode tegangan (umpan balik berupa tegangan dari keluaran) dengan pole and zero placement controller. Keunggulan menggunakan sistem digital ini adalah memudahkan dalam mengganti parameter controller (hanya dengan pemrograman microcontroller) tanpa harus mengganti komponen atau menyolder ulang seperti pada sistem kontrol analog. Namun ada tantangan dalam implementasi seperti penempatan pole dan zero pada controller, memerlukan gate driver half-bridge dan memerlukan catu daya dengan tegangan 3.3 V agar microcontroller dapat bekerja. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan efisiensi tertinggi dari buck converter sebesar 90.7 % untuk tegangan masukan 12 V, tegangan keluaran 5 V dan arus keluaran 5 A dengan switching frequency 200kHz. Efisiensi 90.7% didapatkan oleh penulis menggunakan rangkaian half-bridge untuk mengganti dioda penyearah dengan penyearah sinkron dengan memanfaatkan sifat channel MOSFET yang bidirectional saat terbuka / The branch out of electronics in the industrial and consumer fields makes power conversion very important, such as in applications for batteries charging or chargers for electric cars, processors on smart phones and computers and controlling motors in the industry. This thesis aims to create and design one of the power electronic circuits that produce output voltage below the input voltage, namely the buck converter. The buck converter utilizes a DSC microcontroller or digital signal controller, namely DSPic33CH512MP508. The buck converter produces a 5 V output from a 12 V input. The buck converter control operates in voltage mode (feedback in the form of voltage from the output) with pole and zero placement controller. The advantage of using this digital system is that it makes it easier (only need to program the controller) to change controller parameters without having to replace components or re-solder as in analog controls. However, there are challenges in implementation such as placing poles and zeros in the controller, requiring a half-bridge gate driver, and requiring a power supply with a voltage of 3.3 V for the microcontroller to work. In the study, the highest efficiency of the buck converter reached 90.7% for 12 V input voltage, 5 V output voltage and 5 A output current with 200 kHz of switching frequency. Meanwhile 90.7% efficiency was reached because of using half-bridge circuit that replaces rectifier diodes with synchronous rectifiers by utilizing the bidirectional nature of MOSFET channels when it is open.

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