Kerangka Indo-Pasifik sebagai perimbangan kekuatan India terhadap Tiongkok

Migo, Emanuel (2022) Kerangka Indo-Pasifik sebagai perimbangan kekuatan India terhadap Tiongkok. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Topik tesis ini membahas tantangan yang dihadapi India karena terjadinya ketimpangan kekuatan dengan Tiongkok. Dengan kekuatan yang timpang, maka India terancam baik kedaulatan maupun kepentingan strategisnya sebagai kekuatan dominan di Asia Selatan. India memilih bergabung dalam kerangka Indo-Pasifik, melalui keterlibatan dalam Quadrilateral Security Dialog (Quad) dan perluasan latihan perang Malabar yang melibatkan India, Amerika Serikat (AS), Jepang dan Australia. Menyusul strategi Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) yang diumumkan Jepang dan AS, India pun mengumukan visi India di Indo-Pasifik pada tahun 2018. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Mengapa India memilih kerangka Indo-Pasifik sebagai strategi kebijakan luar negeri mereka?; 2) Bagaimana India menggunakan kerangka Indo-Pasifik untuk mengimbangi pengaruh Tiongkok di kawasan Indo-Pasifik? Menggunakan teori neorealisme, serta konsep geopolitik, regionalisme dan hedging strategy, penelitian ini menemukan alasan India bergabung dalam kerangka Indo-Pasifik, yaitu untuk mengimbangi kekuatan Tiongkok di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, dan mencapai ultimate goal India sebagai great power regional. Dalam rangka mencapai tujuan-tujuan tersebut, India menerapkan hedging strategy, dengan menjadikan Indo-Pasifik sebagai jaminan terhadap ancaman kekuatan Tiongkok, sambil tetap terus memanfaatkan hubungan dengan Tiongkok dan kekuatan lainnya. / The topic of this thesis discusses the challenges faced by India due to the power imbalance with China. With unequal power, India is threatened both its sovereignty and its strategic interests as the dominant power in South Asia. India joins the Indo-Pacific framework, through involvement in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) and the Malabar Naval Exercise involving India, the United States (US), Japan and Australia. Following the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy announced by Japan and the US, India also announced India's vision for Indo-Pacific in 2018. The research questions are: 1) Why did India choose the Indo-Pacific framework as their foreign policy strategy?; 2) How does India use the Indo-Pacific framework to balance China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region? Using the theory of neorealism, and the concepts of geopolitics, regionalism and hedging strategy, this study finds the reasons for India joining the Indo-Pacific framework, namely as India's rational choice, to balance China's power in the Indo-Pacific region, and to achieve the ultimate goal as a regional great power. In order to achieve these goals, India implements a hedging strategy, by making the Indo-Pacific a guarantee against the threat of China's power, while continuing to take advantage of relations with China and other powers.

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