Perlindungan hukum terhadap investor yang berinvestasi dalam cryptocurrency dan virtual currency Lainnya

Wielix, Vandrick (2022) Perlindungan hukum terhadap investor yang berinvestasi dalam cryptocurrency dan virtual currency Lainnya. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Purpose of this legal research and writing is to examine legal protection provided for Crypto Asset Customer or as known as Investor in Crypto Asset Trading as a method of financial investment. Further, this legal research and writing is also intended to examine legal certainty and legality of Cryptocurrency as a means of payment and a currency that applies in Indonesia. This legal research and writing uses normative legal research methods. This research uses a literature study, where the laws and regulations relating to the trading of Crypto Assets are the primary material, and books, scientific studies/works, and journals are the secondary materials. As for this study using qualitative methods. Trading and financial investment in Crypto Assets has risks, namely fluctuating prices, as well as the risk of not being a crime in information technology. Along with the development of technology in Indonesia, it has an impact on the economy in Indonesia. This has an impact on investors who aim to gain profits/returns from trading/trading Crypto assets, and use Crypto assets as a means of payment. Currently, cryptocurrency is an investment instrument that is quite attractive to the public, the popularity of crypto investment itself can be seen from the increasing number of cryptocurrency investors. Crypto Assets do not fulfill as a legal means of payment. Payment instruments that have been recognized in Indonesia so far apart from the rupiah currency are E-Money and Foreign Exchange. Cryptography is a branch of computers that studies how to hide information. Crypto assets are categorized as an "object", so that the use of crypto assets as payment becomes instead of barter or exchange agreements. In dealing with risks, legal protection for Crypto Asset Investors or Customers starts from the preventive stage to dispute resolution. The protection carried out on crypto assets is by first registering the type of cryptocurrency with CoFTRA to be analyzed and determined to be tradable or not. The preventive stage in question is that CoFTRA as a supervisory institution provides a list of Crypto Assets that can be traded in Indonesia, as well as legal protection so that every Investor or Customer has the right to have complete information regarding Crypto Assets being traded. At the Dispute Resolution stage, they are required to take deliberation to reach a consensus first, and if this fails, then they can proceed to the stage of district court or arbitration at BAKTI, with the substance referring to consumer protection, default, cancellation of contracts, or acts against the law. / Tujuan adanya penelitian dan penulisan hukum ini adalah guna mengkaji perlindungan hukum bagi para Pelanggan Aset Kripto atau dikenal sebagai aset Cryptocurrency sebagai suatu metode investasi keuangan. Selain itu, penelitian dan penulisan hukum ini ditujukan juga untuk mengkaji kepastian hukum dan legalitas suatu Cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran dan mata uang yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian dan penulisan hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dimana peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perdagangan Aset Kripto mejadi bahan primer, serta buku, kajian/karya ilmiah, dan jurnal menjadi bahan sekunder. Adapun dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Perdagangan dan investasi keuangan dalam Aset Kripto memilliki risiko yaitu harga yang fluktuatif, serta adanya risiko tidak kejahatan dalam informasi teknologi. Hal tersebut memberikan dampak kepada investor yang bertujuan mendapatkan keuntungan/return dari perdagangan/trading aset Kripto, dan menggunakan aset Kripto sebagai alat pembayaran. Aset Kripto tidak memenuhi sebagai suatu alat pembayaran yang sah. Aset Kripto dikategorikan sebagai suatu “benda”, sehingga adapun penggunaan aset kripto sebagai pembayaran menjadi alih-alih barter atau perjanjian tukar-menukar. Dalam penanggulangan risiko, perlindungan hukum kepada Investor atau Pelanggan Aset Kripto dimulai pada tahap preventif hingga penyelesaian sengketa. Tahap preventif yang dimaksud adalah adapun Bappebti sebagai lembaga pengawas, memberikan daftar Aset Kripto yang dapat dilakukan perdagangan di Indonesia, serta perlindungan hukum agar setiap Investor atau Pelanggan berhak memiliki informasi selengkapnya terkait Aset Kripto yang diperdagangkan. Pada tahap Penyelesaian Sengketa, diwajibkan menempuh musyawarah untuk mufakat terlebih dahulu, dan apabila gagal, maka dapat melanjutkan ke tahap pengadilan negeri maupun arbitrase pada BAKTI, dengan substansi mengacu pada perlindungan konsumen, wanprestasi, pembatalan kontrak, ataupun perbuatan melawan hukum.

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