Dampak nominee agreement pada badan usaha pertambangan minerba terhadap kesejahteraan rakyat

Sumarsih, Ida (2022) Dampak nominee agreement pada badan usaha pertambangan minerba terhadap kesejahteraan rakyat. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

SDA sebagai unrenewable resources yang merupakan anugerah Tuhan YME dan dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia, sesuai konstitusi Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945 pengelolaannya harus digunakan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pengelolaan pertambangan minerba dilakukan dengan melibatkan investor asing yang memerlukan jaminan keamanan bagi bisnis dan investasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab masalah mengenai pengaturan batasan kepemilikan saham asing dan larangan nominee agreement pada pendirian badan usaha pertambangan minerba di Indonesia serta pelaksanaannya. Kedua permasalahan itu selanjutnya dijadikan dasar pertimbangan untuk mewujudkan kebijakan pengaturan mengenai larangan nominee agreement yang berkepastian hukum guna mendukung upaya mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teori hukum yang relevan sebagai pisau analisis yaitu tiga dasar nilai hukum (Gustav Radbruch), teori sistem hukum (Lawrence Friedman) dan welfare state. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan dukungan yuridis empiris. Temuan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nominee agreement digunakan sebagai penyelundupan hukum guna mengamankan kepentingan investor asing meskipun secara normatif tidak memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Bagi investor, nominee agreement merupakan solusi hukum guna menjamin keamanan investasi di bidang pertambangan di Indonesia. Melalui kajian EAL dengan metode CBA terungkap bahwa nominee agreement memiliki dampak positif dan kontributif dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat di Kabupaten Morowali dan Kutai Kartanegara. Namun demikian, untuk lebih menjamin keamanan investasi dan kepastian hukum, dirumuskan gagasan ius constituendum dengan melakukan relaksasi kepemilikan saham asing menjadi 51% pada pendirian perusahaan sampai eksplorasi selama 10 tahun melalui perubahan UU tentang Pertambangan Minerba. Dengan kebijakan relaksasi itu maka nominee agreement tidak diperlukan lagi. Selanjutnya, setelah melakukan operasi produksi, perusahaan harus melakukan kewajiban divestasi menjadi 49%. Pelaksanaannya harus dibarengi dengan penguatan pengawasan, baik pada kebijakan divestasi saham maupun investasi kembali dividen hasil usaha pertambangan. Kebijakan seperti itu akan lebih menjamin kepastian hukum dalam pengelolaan pertambangan yang bermanfaat dan berkeadilan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat Indonesia, khususnya masyarakat Kabupaten Morowali dan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. / As unrenewable natural resources which are a gift from God Almighty and are owned by the Indonesian people, pursuant to the constitution Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, must be used and managed to realize the welfare of society. In practice, the management of mineral and coal mining is carried out by involving foreign investors who need security guarantees for their business and investments. This study aims to answer the problem of limitations on foreign share ownership and the prohibition of nominee agreements on the establishment of mineral and coal mining business entities in Indonesia as well as their implementation. These two problems are then used as the basis consideration for the establishment of regulatory policies regarding the prohibition of nominee agreements with legal certainty in order to support national efforts to realize society’s welfare. This study uses three relevant legal theories as analytical tools, namely three basic legal values (Gustav Radbruch), legal system theory (Lawrence Friedman) and the welfare state. The research method used is normative juridical supported by empirical juridical research. The findings of the study indicate that the nominee agreement is used as a fraus legis to secure the interests of foreign investors even though it does not normatively meet the legal requirements of the agreement as stipulated by Article 1320 of the Civil Code. For investors, the nominee agreement is a legal solution to ensure the security of mining investment in Indonesia. Through the EAL study using the CBA method, it was revealed that the nominee agreement had a positive and contributive impact in improving the welfare of the people in Morowali and Kutai Kartanegara Regencies. However, to further ensure investment security and legal certainty, the idea of the ius constituendum was formulated by relaxing foreign share ownership to 51% for company establishments to exploration for 10 years through amendments to the Law on Mineral and Coal Mining. With such relaxation policy, the nominee agreement is no longer needed. Furthermore, after carrying out production operations, the company must divest to 49%. Furthermore, implementation must be accompanied by strengthening supervision, both on the policy of share divestment and reinvestment of dividends from mining operations. Such a policy will further ensure legal certainty in mining management that is beneficial and fair to realize the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially the people of Morowali Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency.

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