Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Snedds Ekstrak Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob) Terhadap Bakteri E. coli Dan S. aureus.

Tjahyani, Alya (2023) Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Snedds Ekstrak Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob) Terhadap Bakteri E. coli Dan S. aureus. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Daun tekelan (Chromolaena odorata (L.)) telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan tradisional, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sediaan farmasi. Tetapi hal ini menjadi tantangan karena kandungan metabolit sekunder cenderung bersifat semi-polar hingga non-polar. Sediaan SNEDDS menjadi alternatif penghantaran ekstrak dalam bentuk cair. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sediaan SNEDDS dengan ekstrak daun tekelan, serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus. Proses ekstraksi daun tekelan dengan pelarut etanol 96% menggunakan metode maserasi. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode sumuran pada konsentrasi 6,25%; 12,5%; 25%; 50%; dan 75% terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus. Formulasi SNEDDS dibuat dengan tiga konsentrasi ekstrak (6,25%; 12,5%; 25%), campuran minyak (asam oleat) : Surfaktan-kosurfaktan (Tween 80-PEG 400) dengan perbandingan 1:9 dan komposisi surfaktan:kosurfaktan 3:1. SNEDDS diuji aktivitas antibakteri dan evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi organoleptis, %Transmitan, waktu emulsifikasi, pH, dan uji robustness. Analisis data dilakukan pada hasil aktivitas antibakteri dan sifat fisik SNEDDS. Rendemen ekstrak yang didapat sebesar 11,60%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E.coli tidak menunjukkan adanya zona bening, sementara pada S.aureus secara berturut-turut 7,22 ± 0,41; 8,25± 1,15; 7,89 ± 1,94; 10,11 ± 1,69; dan 9,50 ± 0,79 (mm). Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri SNEDDS ekstrak terhadap E.coli tidak memberikan daya hambat sementara terhadap S.aureus secara berturut-turut 9,13 ± 1,27; 8,06 ± 0,25; dan 7,51 ± 0,46 (mm). Hasil uji sifat fisik SNEDDS F1-3 secara organoleptis berwarna hijau pekat, beraroma khas daun tekelan, dan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase. Persen transmittan 45,86% ± 0,05 - 83,5% ± 0. Waktu emulsifikasi 2,95 ± 0,35 – 3,64 ± 0,46 (menit). pH sediaan 5,44±0,03 – 5,62±0,02. Uji robustness pada media aq.dest dan AGF tidak terjadi pemisahan fase. Hasil analisis aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan SNEDDS terdapat perbedaan signifikan antar tiap kelompok dengan nilai sig. 0,00 dan 0,023 (<0,05). Waktu emulsifikasi sig.0,032 (< 0,05), %Transmitan sig. 0,023 (< 0,05), pH sig.0,006 (< 0,05). / Tekelan leaves (Chromolaena odorata (L.)) have been widely used for traditional medicine, so they have the potential to developed into pharmaceutical preparations. But this is a challenge because the content of secondary metabolites tends to be semi-polar to non-polar. SNEDDS preparations are an alternative for extract delivery in liquid form. The purpose of this study was to make SNEDDS preparations with telengan leaf extract, and to test their antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus bacteria. Extraction processed with 96% ethanol solvent using maceration method. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity with the well method at a concentration of 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50%; and 75% against E.coli and S.aureus bacteria. The SNEDDS formulation was made with three extract concentrations (6.25%; 12.5%; 25%), a mixture of oil (oleic acid): surfactant-cosurfactant (Tween 80-PEG 400) with a ratio of 1:9 and a composition of surfactant:cosurfactant 3 :1. SNEDDS was tested for antibacterial activity and evaluation of physical properties including organoleptic, % transmittance, emulsification time, pH, and robustness test. Data analysis was carried out on the results of antibacterial activity and physical properties of SNEDDS. The yield of the extract obtained was 11.60%. The results of the antibacterial activity test for E.coli did not show a clear zone, while for S.aureus it was 7.22 ± 0.41; 8.25± 1.15; 7.89 ± 1.94; 10.11 ± 1.69; and 9.50 ± 0.79 (mm). The results of the SNEDDS extract antibacterial activity test against E.coli did not provide temporary inhibition against S.aureus respectively 9.13 ± 1.27; 8.06 ± 0.25; and 7.51 ± 0.46 (mm). The results of the physical properties test of SNEDDS F1-3 organoleptically were dark green in color, had a distinctive aroma of tekelan leaves, and no phase separation occurred. Percent transmittance 45.86% ± 0.05 - 83.5% ± 0. Emulsification time 2.95 ± 0.35 – 3.64 ± 0.46 (minutes). The pH of the preparation is 5.44±0.03 – 5.62±0.02. Robustness test on aq.dest and AGF media did not occur phase separation. The results of the analysis of the antibacterial activity of extracts and SNEDDS showed significant differences between each group with a sig. 0.00 and 0.023 (<0.05). Emulsification time sig.0.032 (<0.05), %Transmittance sig. 0.023 (< 0.05), pH sig. 0.006 (< 0.05).

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