Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak batang ki tungeureut (Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial

Oentoro, Clara Alverina (2023) Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak batang ki tungeureut (Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Infeksi bakteri masih menjadi kasus yang paling banyak dijumpai di seluruh dunia khususnya infeksi nosokomial yang merupakan infeksi yang didapat atau terjadi di rumah sakit. Bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial antara lain adalah Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Mengingat tingkat permasalahan infeksi bakteri dengan terapi pengobatan antibakteri yang memiliki beberapa keterbatasan serta rendahnya kumpulan data mengenai kandungan metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan di Indonesia, maka dilakukan pengujian antibakteri dari ekstrak batang Ki Tungeureut (Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC.). Penelitian ini didukung dengan tumbuhan dengan genus Castanopsis sudah terbukti mengandung aktivitas antibakteri. Pada pengujian ini dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol 70% yang kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Pengujian terdiri dari uji pendahuluan untuk mengetahui jenis ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbaik. Dari uji pendahuluan diketahui ektrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbaik sehingga ekstrak diuji dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) untuk memastikan ekstrak sudah bebas dari pelarut etanol. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia, lalu skrining aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode Kirby-bauer, uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan uji konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) dengan metode mikrodilusi. Hasil skrining aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode Kirby-bauer menunjukkan daya hambat yang terbentuk pada ketiga kelompok bakteri uji termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang (moderate) sampai dengan kategori kuat (strong). Hasil dari pengujian KHM dan KBM menunjukkan bahwa sifat dari antibakteri ekstrak etanol batang C. tungurrut adalah bersifat bakteriostatik untuk bakteri S. aureus dan bersifat bakteriosidal pada bakteri E. coli dan MRSA. Nilai KBM yang dihasilkan juga tidak lebih dari 4 kali nilai KBM. Data yang diperoleh akan diolah dengan SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) dan dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA, uji Kruskal Wallis, uji Friedman./Bacterial infections are still the most common cases found throughout the world, especially nosocomial infections which are infections that are acquired or occur in hospitals. Bacteria that cause nosocomial infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Considering the level of bacterial infection with antibacterial therapy which has several limitations and the low data collection regarding the content of secondary metabolites in plants in Indonesia, an antibacterial test was carried out from the stem extract of Ki Tungeureut (Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC.). This research is supported by plants with the genus Castanopsis which have been shown to contain antibacterial activity. In this test, extraction was carried out using a multilevel maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol which were then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The test consisted of a preliminary test to find out which type of extract had the best antibacterial activity. From the preliminary test it was known that the ethanol extract had the best antibacterial activity so that the extract was tested by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to ensure that the extract was free of ethanol solvent. The research was continued with phytochemical screening, then screening for antibacterial activity using the Kirby-bauer method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and minimum killing concentration (MBC) test using the microdilution method. The results of the screening for antibacterial activity using the Kirby-bauer method showed that the inhibition formed in the three groups of test bacteria was included in the moderate (moderate) to strong (strong) category. The results of the MIC and KBM tests showed that the antibacterial properties of the ethanol extract of C.tungurrut stems were bacteriostatic for S.aureus bacteria and bacteriocidal for E.coli and MRSA bacteria. The resulting KBM value is also not more than 4 times the KBM value. The data obtained will be processed with SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) and analyzed using One Way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis Test, Friedman Test.

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