Assessing the Implementation of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Regarding Shark Trade in the European Union (EU)

Putri, Yumeiko Alfian (2023) Assessing the Implementation of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Regarding Shark Trade in the European Union (EU). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perdagangan hiu global secara konsisten memunculkan isu-isu global di dunia. Mereka tidak hanya mengakibatkan eksploitasi laut yang berlebihan, tetapi juga akan semakin merusak ekosistem laut, karena mereka memainkan peran penting dalam mempertahankan jaring makanan yang stabil, ekosistem, tingkat populasi, dan aliran nutrisi melintasi strata lautan. Menyadari munculnya masalah global, tata kelola global telah membantu memfasilitasi dan menyediakan platform bagi negara-negara untuk bertindak dan menawarkan solusi untuk bekerja sama dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Contoh tata kelola global ini adalah Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), yang memastikan bahwa keberadaan spesies tersebut tidak terancam punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perdagangan hiu di Uni Eropa (UE) dari sudut hukum internasional. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori Neoliberalisme dengan konsep Regionalisme dan Institusional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus untuk mengkaji masalah dengan menggunakan data dari sumber sekunder. Menurut pembahasan, UE ditemukan tidak konsisten dengan ratifikasi CITES dan telah gagal dalam komitmen mereka untuk melestarikan flora dan fauna liar. Hanya dengan fakta bahwa negara-negara anggota UE menjunjung hukum UE tidak menjamin bahwa mereka juga akan menjunjung tinggi hukum CITES. Itu disebabkan oleh adopsi hukum internasional UE yang membagi negara-negara anggota di bawah dua sistem, yaitu monisme dan dualisme. / The global shark trade has been consistently emerging global issues in the world. Not only have they resulted to the marine overexploitation, but it will also further damage the marine ecosystem, since they played vital roles in sustaining stable food webs, ecosystems, population levels, and nutrient flow across the ocean strata. Recognizing the emergence of global problems, global governance has assisted in facilitating and providing a platform for nations to act and offer solutions to work together in resolving the problems. The example towards this global governance is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which make sure that the existence of the species is not endangered. This research aims on examining the shark trade in the European Union (EU) with the angle of international law. This research will use the theory of Neoliberalism with the concepts of Regionalism and Institutional. This study employs a qualitative methodology and case study approach to examine the problem using data from secondary sources. According to the discussion’s findings, the EU is found out to be inconsistent with its ratifications of CITES and have failed their commitment of preserving the wild flora and fauna. The mere fact that EU member states uphold EU law does not guarantee that they would also uphold CITES law. It is due to the EU international law’s adoption that divides member states under two systems, which are monism and dualism.

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