Pengambilalihan aset perusahaan berdasarkan undang-undang perseroan terbatas dan peraturan komisi pengawas persaingan usaha no. 3 tahun 2023

Fadli, Ahmad (2023) Pengambilalihan aset perusahaan berdasarkan undang-undang perseroan terbatas dan peraturan komisi pengawas persaingan usaha no. 3 tahun 2023. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Walaupun telah dikenal dalam dunia usaha cukup lama, aksi korporasi yang berbentuk pemisahan baru diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Namun demikian, pengaturan mengenai pemisahan usaha dalam UUPT hanya diatur dalam Pasal 135 dari UUPT. Selanjutnya, UUPT hanya menyatakan bahwa pengaturan lebih lanjut mengenai pemisahan akan diuraikan dalam peraturan pemerintah. Ketiadaan peraturan pelaksanaan tersebut menyebabkan sebagian pelaku usaha menghadapi kesulitan untuk memastikan bahwa aksi korporasi pemisahan yang akan dilakukan telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Dari sisi pengawasan berdasarkan aspek anti monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, KPPU berusaha menjawab tantangan mengenai ketiadaan pengaturan pelaksanaan tersebut dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan KPPU Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 tentang Penilaian terhadap Penggabungan atau Peleburan Badan Usaha, atau Pengambilalihan Saham Perusahaan yang Dapat Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Praktik Monopoli dan/atau Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Salah satu terobosan hukum yang dilakukan KPPU adalah melakukan modifikasi definisi “pengambilalihan” dengan menambah frasa “dan/atau aset” dalam definisi pengambilalihan sehingga perlakuan terhadap pengambilalihan aset suatu perseroan terbatas akan dipersamakan dengan pengambilalihan saham suatu perseroan terbatas. Modifikasi tersebut tetap dipertahankan dalam Peraturan KPPU Nomor 3 Tahun 2023 tentang Penilaian terhadap Penggabungan, Peleburan, atau Pengambilalihan Saham dan/atau Aset Yang Dapat Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Praktik Monopoli dan/atau Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Melalui tesis ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa modifikasi terhadap pengertian pengambilalihan dalam PerKom 3/2023 dapat menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dan dapat pula menyebabkan peraturan tersebut menjadi tidak berlaku karena peraturan tersebut bertentangan dengan peraturan-peraturan lain yang lebih tinggi tingkatannya dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. / Although it has been known in the business world for quite some time, a corporate act in the form of business separation was only regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company. However, the provisions on business separation can only be observed in Article 135 of the Indonesian Company Law. Furthermore, the Indonesian Company Law only prescribes that further provisions on separation shall be provided for in a government regulation. The absence of the implementing regulation results in the difficulties faced by several business practitioners to ensure that the corporate act of separation to be conducted will follow the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia. From the supervision angle based on anti-monopoly and unfair business competition, the Indonesian Competition Commission attempted to respond to the challenge on the said implementing regulation by issuing the ICC Regulation Number 3 of 2019 concerning the Assessments of Mergers or Consolidations of Business Entities, or Acquisitions of Company Shares Which May Result in Monopolistic Practices and/or Unfair Business Competition. One legal breakthrough performed by the ICC is the modification of the term “acquisition” by adding the phrases “and/or assets” into the definition of acquisition resulting in that the treatment toward asset acquisition of a limited liability company will be equal to the share acquisition of a limited liability company. The said modification is maintained in the ICC Regulation Number 3 of 2023 concerning the Assessments of Mergers, Consolidations, or Acquisition of Shares and/or Assets Which May Result in Monopolistic Practices and/or Unfair Business Competition. Through this thesis, it can be concluded that the modification of the term acquisition in the ICC Regulation 3/2023 may create legal uncertainty and may also result in the regulation in question becomes void because the said regulation contradicts with other regulations of higher hierarchy within the hierarchy of the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia.

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