Gambaran penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien pediatrik rawat jalan dengan diagnosis Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas di klinik X Kabupaten Tangerang

Salsabilla, Nada Riska (2023) Gambaran penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien pediatrik rawat jalan dengan diagnosis Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas di klinik X Kabupaten Tangerang. Diploma thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang terjadi pada saluran pernapasan yang dapat menular. ISPA umumnya menyerang anak – anak dari usia di bawah lima tahun. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena menurunnya sistem pertahanan tubuh pada anak yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, ataupun jamur. Berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas Banten (2018), wilayah Tangerang mempunyai prevalensi sebanyak 13,39% dengan kelompok umur mayoritas dari usia anak - anak 1 – 14 tahun. Pengobatan untuk mengatasi ISPA adalah pemberian antibiotik dan terapi suportif. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian di Klinik X Kabupaten Tangerang untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien pediatrik rawat jalan dengan diagnosis ISPA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif non eksperimen dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin paling banyak perempuan (51,7%) dengan usia 4 - 6 tahun (30,8%), gejala yang sering dialami yaitu batuk (31,3%) dan pilek (30,1%). Diagnosis ISPA yang sering ditulis dokter yaitu ISPA non spesifik (87,5%) dengan pengobatan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu amoksisilin (49,5%), sefiksim 100mg (17,1%) dan sefadroksil (13,3%). Terapi suportif yang sering digunakan yaitu golongan mukolitik dengan obat ambroksol (18,8%), kortikosteroid dengan obat deksametason (15,9%), antihistamin dengan obat klorpeniramin (15,8%), antipiretik dan analgetik dengan obat paracetamol (14,7%). / Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is a disease that occurs in the respiratory tract which can be transmitted. ISPA generally attacks children from the age of five years. This can occur due to a decrease in the body's defense system in children caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Based on the results of Riskesdas Banten (2018) the Tangerang area has a prevalence of 13.39% with the majority age group being children 1-14 years old. The treatment for ARI is giving antibiotics and supportive therapy. Based on this, a study was conducted at Clinic X Tangerang District to find out the description of the use of antibiotics in pediatric outpatients with a diagnosis of ARI. The type of research used is descriptive non-experimental with retrospective data collection using medical record secondary data. The results showed that most of gender were female (51.7%) aged 4-6 years (30.8%), the most common symptoms were cough (31.3%) and runny nose (30.1%). The diagnosis of ARI that was often written by doctors was non-specific ARI (87.5%) with the most widely used antibiotic treatment namely amoksisilin (49.5%), cefixime 100 mg (17.1%) and cefadroxil (13.3%). Supportive therapy that is often used is the mucolytic class with ambroxol (18.8%), corticosteroids with deksamethasone (15.9%), antihistamines with chlorpheniramine (15.8%), antipyretics and analgesics with paracetamol (14.7%).

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