Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus

Napitupulu, Ayu Lestari (2023) Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Diploma thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah penting yang banyak dijumpai pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Beberapa infeksi yang sering terjadi pada bagian tubuh manusia ialah pada saluran pencernaan yang dapat menyebabkan diare dan pada bagian kulit yang dapat menyebabkan ruam atau bintik-bintik merah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia. Daun pepaya jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst) merupakan tanaman yang biasa digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit yaitu, diare, ruam pada kulit, demam berdarah, dan mencegah anemia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa fitokimia pada ekstrak etil asetat daun pepaya jepang yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian adalah maserasi, skrining fitokimia, dan metode difusi cakram dalam pengujian aktivitas bakteri untuk mengukur daya hambat bakteri. Pada penelitian ini diketahui hasil rendemen ekstrak sebesar 10,5%; hasil kadar air sebesar 4,172%; hasil skrining ekstrak etil asetat daun pepaya jepang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin dan steroid yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antibakteri. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode difusi cakram yang dilakukan secara triplo dengan 4 konsentrasi pembanding yaitu; 100 ppm, 1.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm, dan 100.000 ppm menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat Daun Pepaya Jepang dengan konsentrasi 100.000 ppm memiliki daya hambat sebesar 11,69 mm yang termasuk dalam kategori ”resistant” jika dibandingkan dengan klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif. Hal tersebut berarti ekstrak etil asetat Daun Pepaya Jepang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, namun tidak lebih kuat dibanding kontrol positif klindamisin. / Infection is one of the most important problems encountered in everyday life. Some infections that often occur in parts of the human body are in the digestive tract, which can cause diarrhea and on the skin which can cause rashes or red spots. This is caused by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that enters the human body. Japanese papaya leaf (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst) is a plant commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat several diseases, namely diarrhea, skin rashes, dengue fever, and preventing anemia. This research was conducted to determine the content of phytochemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of Japanese papaya leaves which have antibacterial activity. The methods used in this study were maceration, phytochemical screening, and the disc diffusion method in testing bacterial activity to measure the inhibition of bacteria. In this study, it was known that the extract yield was 10.5%; the resulting water content of 4.172%; The screening results of the ethyl acetate extract of Japanese papaya leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and steroids which have antibacterial properties. The results of the antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the disc diffusion method were carried out in triplicate with 4 concentrations of comparison, namely; 100 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, and 100,000 ppm showed that the ethyl acetate extract of Japanese Papaya Leaves with a concentration of 100,000 ppm had an inhibitory effect of 11.69 mm which was included in the "resistant" category when compared to clindamycin as a positive control. This means that the ethyl acetate extract of Japanese Papaya Leaves has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, but not stronger than the positive control clindamycin.

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