Pengaruh nilai kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) terhadap tingkat severitas non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) pada pasien dengan ‎penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM) di Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village = Effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value on the severity of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Siloam Lippo Village Hospital

Nugraha, Satria (2023) Pengaruh nilai kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) terhadap tingkat severitas non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) pada pasien dengan ‎penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM) di Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village = Effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value on the severity of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Siloam Lippo Village Hospital. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), merupakan suatu penyakit metabolik dimana tubuh tidak mampu mengontrol kadar gula darah dan ditandai dengan hiperglikemia yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya sekresi insulin atau pun kerja insulin. Tipe paling umum dari DM yaitu diabetes melitus tipe 1 (T1DM) dan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM). Terlepas dari tipenya, salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular paling umum dari DM yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan kepada penderitanya yaitu Diabetik Retinopati (DR). Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat memperparah progresi dari DM, selain nilai gula darah, yaitu nilai dari Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Namun, masih ada perbedaan pendapat pada beberapa studi apabila LDL memiliki peran signifikan terhadap terjadinya DR. Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara nilai kolesterol Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) terhadap terjadinya Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) pada pasien dengan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM) di Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village. Hipotesis. Hipotesis yang ingin dibuktikan yaitu ada hubungan signifikan antara hubungan antara nilai kolesterol Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) terhadap terjadinya Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) pada pasien dengan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM). Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis dari RS Siloam Lippo Village dan RSU Siloam Lippo Village dari tahun 2018 sampai 2022. Data kemudian akan dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square menggunakan program SPSS versi 26.0. Hasil Penelitian. Pada pasien dengan nilai LDL yang optimal, dapat dilihat bahwa hanya ditemukan mild NPDR sebanyak 9 pasien (90%) dan moderate NPDR sebanyak 10 pasien (10%) sedangkan tidak ditemukannya adanya kejadian severe NPDR. Pada pasien dengan nilai LDL yang mendekati optimal, ditemukan pasien mild NPDR sebanyak 6 pasien (17,1%), pasien moderate NPDR sebanyak 19 pasien (54,3%), dan pasien severe NPDR sebanyak 10 pasien (28,6%). Terakhir, pada pasien dengan nilai LDL yang tidak optimal, ditemukan pasien mild NPDR sebanyak 1 pasien (1,9%), pasien moderate NPDR sebanyak 11 pasien (20,4%) dan pasien severe NPDR sebanyak 42 pasien (77,8%). Konklusi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai kolesterol Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) terhadap tingkat severitas Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) pada pasien dengan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Type II di Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village (p value < 0,001) / Background. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in which the body is unable to control blood sugar levels and is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a lack of insulin secretion or insulin action. The most common types of DM are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Regardless of the type, one of the most common microvascular complications of DM that can cause blindness to sufferers is Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). One of the risk factors that can exacerbate the progression of DM, in addition to blood sugar levels, is the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). However, there are still differences of opinion in several studies if LDL has a significant role in the occurrence of DR. Research Objective. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the value of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the occurrence of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM) at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Hypothesis. The hypothesis to be proven is that there is a significant relationship between the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the occurrence of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Research Method. This study utilizes secondary data in the form of medical records from Siloam Lippo Village Hospital from 2018 to 2022. The data will then be analyzed bivariately using the Chi Square test using the SPSS version 26.0 program. Research result. In patients with optimal LDL values, it can be seen that only mild NPDR was found in 9 patients (90%) and moderate NPDR in 10 patients (10%) while there were no severe NPDR events. In patients with LDL values close to optimal, 6 patients (17.1%) had mild NPDR, 19 patients (54.3%) had moderate NPDR, and 10 patients with severe NPDR (28.6%). Finally, in patients with non-optimal LDL values, 1 patient (1.9%) had mild NPDR, 11 patients (20.4%) had moderate NPDR and 42 patients (77.8%) had severe NPDR. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between the value of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the severity of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II at Siloam Lippo Village Hospital (p value < 0.001)

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