Gambaran faktor-faktor risiko kejadian dismenore primer pada wanita muda (15 - 24 tahun)

Raisinghani, Bhumika (2023) Gambaran faktor-faktor risiko kejadian dismenore primer pada wanita muda (15 - 24 tahun). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Dismenore, yaitu nyeri akibat menstruasi atau nyeri haid, merupakan salah satu penyebab paling sering terjadinya ketidaknyamanan pada daerah abdomen bagian bawah dan/atau pelvis menjelang dan selama menstruasi. Dismenore primer adalah jenis nyeri haid tanpa patologi organ pelvis terkait dan merupakan masalah umum yang mempengaruhi 16% sampai 91% wanita usia reproduktif di seluruh dunia. Meskipun tidak ada etiologi yang tepat, banyak faktor risiko, termasuk usia menarke, durasi menstruasi, banyaknya darah saat menstruasi, riwayat keluarga, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), aktivitas fisik, konsumsi makanan cepat-saji, konsumsi coklat hitam, stres, merokok dan konsumsi alkohol, mempengaruhi kejadian dan derajat dismenore primer. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui frekuensi masing-masing faktor risiko yang menyebabkan dismenore primer pada wanita muda (15 sampai 24 tahun) di Jakarta-Tangerang. Bahan dan Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan sampel minimal 96 wanita muda. Data primer akan diperoleh dengan menggunakan google form yang meliputi kuesioner Working ability, Location, Intensity, Days of pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD), kuesioner Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21), dan kuesioner mengenai variabel independen selain kuesioner untuk data demografi dan kuesioner skrining. Kuesioner tersebut akan disebarkan secara offline. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terhadap kejadian dismenore primer pada wanita muda (15–24 tahun) di kota Jakarta-Tangerang dengan angka yang merupakan kontribusi terbesar berdasarkan frekuensi tertinggi adalah konsumsi coklat hitam (70,59%), stres (44,12%), kurangnya melakukan aktivitas fisik (41,18%), konsumsi makanan dan minuman cepat saji (35,29%), IMT tinggi (25,49%), riwayat keluarga (24,51%), usia menarke dini (20,59%), jumlah darah banyak saat menstruasi (17,64%), merokok (13,73%), IMT rendah (11,76%) dan konsumsi alkohol (3,92%). Kata Kunci: Dismenore primer, faktor risiko, prevalensi, frekuensi / Background: Dysmenorrhea, namely pain due to menstruation or menstrual pain, is one of the most common causes of discomfort in the lower abdomen and/or pelvis before and during menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is a type of menstrual pain with no associated pelvic organ pathology and is a common problem affecting 16% to 91% of women of reproductive age throughout the world. Although there is no proper etiology, many risk factors, including age at menarche, duration of menstruation, heavy menstrual bleeding, family history, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, fast-food consumption, consumption of dark chocolate, stress, smoking and alcohol consumption influences, affect the occurrence and degree of primary dysmenorrhea. Objective: To determine the frequency of each risk factor that causes primary dysmenorrhea in young women (15 to 24 years old) in Jakarta-Tangerang. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a minimum sample of 96 young women. Primary data will be acquired by using google form which includes the Working ability, Location, Intensity, Days of pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21), and a questionnaire on the independent variables in addition to a questionnaire to obtain demographic data and a screening questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed offline. Results: The results of this study indicate that the risk factors for the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in young women (15–24 years) in the city of Jakarta-Tangerang with the largest contribution based on the highest frequency are consumption of dark chocolate (70.59%), stress (44.12 %), lack of physical activity (41.18%), consumption of fast food and drinks (35.29%), high BMI (25.49%), family history (24.51%), early age at menarche (20 .59%), high blood count during menstruation (17.64%), smoking (13.73%), low BMI (11.76%) and alcohol consumption (3.92%). Keywords: Primary dysmenorrhea, risk factors, prevalence, frequency

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