Hubungan antara dosis iodium radioaktif dan prevalensi efek samping terapi ablasi pada pasien kanker tiroid di MRCCC Siloam

Kezia, Gabriella (2023) Hubungan antara dosis iodium radioaktif dan prevalensi efek samping terapi ablasi pada pasien kanker tiroid di MRCCC Siloam. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar belakang : Kanker tiroid merupakan keganasan yang paling umum ditemukan pada sistem endokrin. Terapi ablasi pasca tindakan pembedahan adalah terapi adjuvan utama untuk pasien dengan kanker tiroid yang menggunakan iodium radioaktif. Iodium radioaktif akan menghancurkan sel kanker tiroid dengan memancarkan radiasi beta dan gamma. Terapi ablasi tiroid dapat memunculkan efek samping yang kemungkinan berhubungan dengan dosis. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara dosis iodium radioaktif pada terapi ablasi dengan efek samping pada pasien kanker tiroid di MRCCC Siloam. Metode Penelitian : Pengambilan data melalui rekam medis pasien kanker tiroid yang menjalani terapi pada tahun 2019-2023 di Rumah Sakit MRCCC Siloam. Terdapat 107 data pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian diuji secara statistik dengan uji chi-square. Hasil Penelitian : Terdapat 98 pasien (91.6%) yang menjalani terapi dosis tinggi dan 9 pasien (8.4%) yang menjalani terapi dosis rendah. Sebanyak 40 pasien (37.4%) mengalami efek samping sementara 67 pasien (62.6%) tidak mengalami efek samping. Efek samping yang dikeluhkan pasien antara lain 27 pasien (67.5%) mengalami mual, 2 pasien (5%) mengalami muntah, dan 16 pasien (40%) mengalami sialadenitis. Simpulan : Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara dosis iodium radioaktif pada terapi ablasi dan efek samping pada pasien MRCCC Siloam. Kata Kunci : Kanker Tiroid, Ablasi Tiroid, Dosis Iodium Radioaktif, Efek Samping / Background : Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system. Ablation therapy after surgery is the primary adjuvant treatment for thyroid cancer patients that utilizes radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine will destroy thyroid cancer cells by emitting beta and gamma radiation. Thyroid ablation therapy can cause adverse effects that possibly can be related to iodine dose. Aim of Research : The aim of this research was to find whether there is correlation between radioactive iodine dose and prevalence of adverse effects of ablation therapy in thyroid carcinoma patients in MRCCC Siloam. Methods : Data were obtained through medical records of thyroid cancer patients who underwent therapy in 2019-2023 in MRCCC Siloam Hospital. Data of 107 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed through the chi-square test. Results : 98 patients (91.6%) underwent therapy with high dose and 9 patients (8.4%) underwent therapy with low dose. 40 patients (37.4%) reported side effects while 67 patients (62.6%) did not. Nausea was reported by 27 patients (67.5%), vomiting by 2 patients (5%) and sialadenitis by 16 patients (40%). Conclusion : There is no significant relationship between radioactive iodine dosage in ablation therapy and side effects in MRCCC Siloam patients. Keywords : Thyroid Cancer, Thyroid Ablation, Radioactive Iodine Dose, Adverse Effects

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