Hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat demensia pada pasien lanjut usia dengan gangguan memori di klinik memori Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village

Muliawan, Nathan (2023) Hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat demensia pada pasien lanjut usia dengan gangguan memori di klinik memori Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Demensia adalah suatu kondisi progresif yang mempengaruhi memori, perilaku, pemikiran, dan kemampuan sosial, serta mengganggu aktivitas sehari - hari. Indeks massa tubuh penting untuk dinilai karena dapat menggambarkan tingkat nutrisi serta vitalitas seseorang. Memantau nilai IMT dapat menghindarkan lansia dari berbagai risiko penyakit, salah satunya demensia. Perkembangan lesi neuropatologis di olfactory bulb pada fase awal neurofibrillary tangle deposition diduga menyebabkan gejala neuropsikiatri yang mempengaruhi nafsu makan pasien dan berujung pada penurunan berat badan. Namun hingga saat ini penelitian mengenai topik ini masih sangat terbatas, terutama di Indonesia. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat demensia pada pasien lanjut usia dengan gangguan memori di klinik memori Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini mencakup 55 pasien berusia ≥65 tahun dengan gangguan memori dari Klinik Memori Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan pemeriksaan menggunakan kuisioner MoCA-INA dan CDRS serta pengukuran menggunakan alat Seca 703. Hasil Penelitian : Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks massa tubuh dan derajat demensia dengan nilai p = 0,046 untuk indikator pemeriksaan MoCA dan p = 0,039 untuk indikator pemeriksaan CDRS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pasien underweight-normal (BMI <23kg/m2) memiliki risiko masing-masing 3,8 kali (95% CI 1,2-12,5) dan 4,6 kali (95% CI 1,2-17,0) lebih untuk mengalami derajat moderate-severe dibandingkan pasien overweight-obese (BMI ≥23kg/m2). Kesimpulan : BMI lebih rendah pada pasien lanjut usia berhubungan dengan derajat demensia yang lebih tinggi. Kata Kunci : Indeks massa tubuh, Derajat demensia, MoCA-INA, CDRS Referensi : 14, 17 / Background : Dementia is a progressive condition that affects memory, behavior, thinking, social skills, and interferes with daily activities. Body mass index (BMI) is important to assess because it can describe the level of nutrition and vitality of a person. Monitoring BMI values can prevent elderlies from various risks of disease, one of which is dementia. The development of neuropathological lesions in the olfactory bulb at the early phase of neurofibrillary tangle deposition has been proposed to cause neuropsychiatric symptoms which affect dementia patients’ appetite and thus resulting in weight loss. However, until this day, research on this topic is still very limited, especially in Indonesia. Research Objectives : To determine the relationship between body mass index and the degree of dementia in elderly patients with memory impairment at the memory clinic of Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village. Research Method : 55 patients with memory impairment from Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village Memory Clinic aged ≥65 years were studied. This study uses a cross-sectional method with an examination using the MoCA-INA and CDRS questionnaires and measurements using the Seca 703 instrument. Results : A significant relationship was found between body mass index and the degree of dementia with a value of p = 0.046 for the MoCA examination indicator and p = 0.039 for the CDRS examination indicator. The results of the analysis show that underweight-normal (BMI <23kg/m2) patients have 3.8 times (95% CI 1.2-12.5) and 4.6 times (95% CI 1.2-17.0) the risk of having a moderate-severe degree respectively compared to overweight-obese (BMI ≥23kg/m2) patients. Conclusion : Lower latelife BMI is related to higher degree of dementia. Keywords : Body mass index, Dementia degree, MoCA-INA, CDRS Reference : 14,17

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