PENGELOLAAN KONFLIK OLEH PERSERIKATAN BANGSA-BANGSA (PBB): STUDI KASUS KONFLIK KOREA UTARA-KOREA SELATAN

Yoo, Elaine Putri Hanifa (2023) PENGELOLAAN KONFLIK OLEH PERSERIKATAN BANGSA-BANGSA (PBB): STUDI KASUS KONFLIK KOREA UTARA-KOREA SELATAN. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Meski dunia saat ini terhindar dari perang besar seperti Perang Dunia I dan Perang Dunia II, namun konflik internasional masih tetap berlangsung seperti konflik Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan. Untuk mengelola konflik, masyarakat internasional membentuk organisasi global yang dikenal sebagai Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dengan tujuan menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan serta melakukan pencegahan dan menghapuskan ancaman perdamaian. PBB melakukan pengelolaan konflik Korea sejak awal konflik ini terjadi. Penelitian ini hendak menjelaskan peran PBB dalam mengelola konflik Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan dan alasan konflik ini belum dapat diselesaikan walaupun PBB sudah melakukan usaha perdamaian. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada perspektif liberalisme institusional dan teori manajemen konflik internasional serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PBB telah melakukan pengelolaan konflik dengan melakukan peacekeeping, peacebuilding, mediasi dan negosiasi untuk membawa perdamaian di Semenanjung Korea. PBB melakukan tindakan militer untuk menjaga perdamaian dan stabilitas terutama setelah adanya penandatanganan gencatan senjata serta memfasilitasi dan mendukung setiap dialog dan perundingan dengan membentuk institusi-institusi dalam menjaga perdamaian di Semenanjung Korea agar tidak bereskalasi. Selain itu ditemukan juga bahwa keterlibatan negara-negara lain, sejarah di masa lalu, dan isu nuklir menyebabkan konflik Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan belum dapat diselesaikan secara tuntas. / Although the world is currently spared from major wars such as World War I and World War II, international conflicts still persist such as the North and South Korean conflicts. To manage conflicts, the international community formed a global organization known as the United Nations with the aim of maintaining peace and security by preventing and eliminating threats to peace. The UN has been managing the Korean conflict since its inception. This study aims to explain the role of the UN in managing the conflict between North and South Korea and the reasons why this conflict has not been resolved despite the UN's peace efforts. This research is based on the perspective of institutional liberalism and uses a qualitative approach with a case study research method. The results show that the UN has carried out conflict management by conducting peacekeeping, peacebuilding, mediation and negotiation to bring peace to the Korean Peninsula. The UN took military action to maintain peace and stability especially after the signing of the ceasefire and facilitated and supported every dialog and negotiation by forming institutions in maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula so as not to escalate. It was also found that the involvement of other countries, past history, and the nuclear issue caused the conflict between North and South Korea to not be resolved completely.

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