Perbandingan tanggapan aktor-aktor internasional terhadap krisis kemanusiaan: studi kasus perang Rusia-Ukraina dan Tanduk Afrika = Comparison of the international actors' response to humanitarian crisis: case studies of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Horn of Africa

Motoh, Brigitte Natasya Emanuella (2023) Perbandingan tanggapan aktor-aktor internasional terhadap krisis kemanusiaan: studi kasus perang Rusia-Ukraina dan Tanduk Afrika = Comparison of the international actors' response to humanitarian crisis: case studies of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Horn of Africa. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Krisis kemanusiaan terus berlangsung di seluruh dunia dan belum menunjukkan tanda-tanda akan segera mereda dalam waktu yang dekat. Ukraina dan Tanduk Afrika merupakan wilayah-wilayah yang bersamaan sedang bergulat dengan krisis kemanusiaan. Dalam mengatasi krisis di wilayahnya, keduanya tentu tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk mangatasinya secara mandiri, sehingga memerlukan keterlibatan masyarakat internasional. Namun, tanggapan masyarakat internasional terhadap wilayah-wilayah ini berbeda secara signifikan. Penelitian ini berupaya membandingkan respons masyarakat internasional terhadap krisis kemanusiaan di Ukraina dan Tanduk Afrika, dengan menyoroti kesamaan dan perbedaannya, serta menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang mendasari perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif English School (International Society) sebagai landasan teoritis dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ukraina menerima lebih banyak perhatian dan dukungan dari masyarakat internasional dibandingkan Tanduk Afrika. Variasi respons ini terutama dipengaruhi oleh adanya kepentingan nasional dari negara yang merespons; peran kekuatan besar atas negara lain dan aktor non-negara; peran aktor non-negara; serta peran media dalam membentuk persepsi masyarakat internasional seperti lebih tingginya liputan pers dan minat masyarat internasional terhadap krisis di Ukraina dibandingkan Tanduk Afrika. Akibatnya, kesenjangan respons terhadap kedua krisis ini sangat besar. / The humanitarian crisis continues unabated worldwide and shows no signs of abating in the near future. Ukraine and the Horn of Africa are regions currently grappling with simultaneous humanitarian crises. Both lack sufficient capacity to address these crises independently and thus require the involvement of the international community. However, the international response to these regions differs significantly. This study aims to compare the international community's response to the humanitarian crises in Ukraine and the Horn of Africa, highlighting their similarities and differences, while investigating the underlying factors causing these distinctions. The research employs the English School perspective (International Society) as its theoretical framework using a qualitative approach and a case study research method. The research findings indicate that Ukraine receives more attention and support from the international community compared to the Horn of Africa. This variation in response is primarily influenced by national interests of responding countries, the role of major powers over others and non-state actors, the role of non-state actors, and the media's role in shaping international perceptions. Factors like higher press coverage and international interest in the crisis in Ukraine compared to the Horn of Africa contribute to this discrepancy. Consequently, there exists a significant gap in responses to these two crises.

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