Persaingan keamanan siber Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat: Studi kasus periode pemerintahan Barack Obama = China and United States cybersecurity rivalry: a case study of the Barack Obama administration

Agatha, Andre (2024) Persaingan keamanan siber Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat: Studi kasus periode pemerintahan Barack Obama = China and United States cybersecurity rivalry: a case study of the Barack Obama administration. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pada era digital saat ini keamanan siber memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi politik yang menjadi persaingan antar negara sejak pemerintahan Barack Obama persaingan keamanan siber Tiongkok dengan Amerika Serikat menjadi lebih menonjol setelah peristiwa prism gate dengan itu menjadi tujuan penelitan mengerti analisis perbedaan identitas,norma dan strategi Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat dalam keamanan siber menjadikan persaingan keamanan siber yang lebih sengit dan hubungan yang semakin tidak percaya satu lain melakukan pengawasan untuk menjadi kepentingan nasional masing-masing memiliki ideologi, budaya, dan sistem politik yang berbeda, ketidakpercayaan tumbuh, menciptakan hambatan dalam pembangunan kepercayaan strategis antara keduanya. Krisis kepercayaan ini semakin diperparah oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi Tiongkok yang cepat, yang mengancam dominasi ekonomi AS. Sementara ketergantungan ekonomi saling meningkat, persaingan keamanan siber menjadi semakin rumit. Peristiwa seperti Prism Gate, larangan perusahaan teknologi Tiongkok ZTE dan Huawei di AS, serta peningkatan pemantauan terhadap Tiongkok, menyoroti ketegangan yang terus tumbuh.Kompetisi keamanan siber ini tidak hanya mencerminkan perbedaan strategi keamanan (defensive Tiongkok vs. offensive AS) tetapi juga mencerminkan pertarungan hegemoni ekonomi dan teknologi. Amerika Serikat, sebagai pusat teknologi dunia, menggunakan keamanan siber sebagai alat untuk mempertahankan keunggulannya, sementara Tiongkok berusaha untuk mencapai dominasi ekonomi global melalui perkembangan teknologi. / In the current digital era, cybersecurity plays a crucial role in the economic and political growth that has become a competition among countries. Since the administration of Barack Obama, the cybersecurity competition between China and the United States has become more prominent, particularly after the Prism Gate incident. This makes it the focus of research to understand the analysis of the differences in identity, norms, and strategies between China and the United States in cybersecurity, leading to intensified cybersecurity competition and increasingly distrustful relations. Both countries conduct surveillance as a national interest, each having different ideologies, cultures, and political systems, leading to growing mistrust and creating barriers in the development of strategic trust between them. The crisis of trust is further exacerbated by China's rapid economic growth, which threatens the economic dominance of the United States. While economic interdependence is increasing, cybersecurity competition becomes more complicated. Events such as Prism Gate, the ban on Chinese technology companies ZTE and Huawei in the U.S., and increased monitoring of China highlight the growing tension. This cybersecurity competition not only reflects differences in security strategies (China's defensive approach vs. the U.S.'s offensive one) but also mirrors a struggle for economic and technological hegemony. The United States, as the center of world technology, uses cybersecurity as a tool to maintain its superiority, while China strives to achieve global economic dominance through technological development.

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