Tantangan regional yang dihadapi Association of Southeast Asian Nations dalam penanganan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Myanmar

Kusnanto, Angelica Tharia (2024) Tantangan regional yang dihadapi Association of Southeast Asian Nations dalam penanganan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Myanmar. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Sejak tahun 1948 hingga kini, Myanmar telah menghadapi berbagai dinamika politik secara isu kemanusiaan hingga kestabilan perekonomian domestiknya. Sebagaimana Myanmar merupakan bagian dari regionalisme ASEAN, konflik kemanusiaan ini telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Dengan mendalami pembahasan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya, tantangan, hingga dampak yang dihadapi dari keterlibatan ASEAN dalam menangani indikasi pelanggaaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di Myanmar yang mana penulisan diproses melalui perspektif teori neoliberalisme institusionalisme. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penulis mendalami ini melalui metode deskriptif berdasarkan data sekunder melalui berbagai studi kepustakaan yang kredibel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelanggaran HAM berat Otoritas Myanmar terhadap etnis minoritas Rohingya telah merugikan negara-negara anggota ASEAN lainnya, yakni dengan masifnya peningkatan pengungsi Rohingya yang melarikan diri menuju negara sekitar. Kerugian ini tentu berkaitan dengan bertambahnya tanggungan ekonomi, tantangan kualitas sumber daya, kapasitas penampungan populasi secara geografik, serta terdapatnya ketegangan regional antar ASEAN. Meskipun adanya prinsip non-intervensi, sebagai institusi regional Asia Tenggara tentunya ASEAN memperoleh tekanan eksternal maupun internal untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan yang ada akibat konflik di Myanmar. Dari setiap pertimbangan yang dapat berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam menangani indikasi pelanggaran HAM di Myanmar tersebut, penelitian ini diproses melalui teknik analisis naratif untuk menghubungkan berbagai pola fenomena yang saling berkaitan secara relevan./Since 1948 until recently, Myanmar has been dealing with various political dynamics from humanitarian issues also the domestic economy stability. As Myanmar is part of the ASEAN regionalism, their humanitarian conflict has significantly impacted on ASEAN countries. Through this research, the author aims to analyze the endeavors, challenges, and impacts faced by ASEAN's by its involvement in dealing with violations of Human Rights (HAM) indications in Myanmar which the research were processed through neoliberal institutionalism perspective. With the methodology of qualitative approach, the author explores this research through descriptive methods based on secondary data of various credible literature studies. This research found that Myanmar authorities have been committing heavy humanitarian violations against the Rohingya ethnic minority which it harmed the ASEAN countries around. The massive increasing Rohingya refugees are highly related to the escalation of countries’ economic responsible loads, hurdles in human resources quality, population and geographic capacity, also has been instensifying regional tensions between ASEAN countries. Despite the principle of non-intervention, ASEAN as the regional institution in Southeast-Asia certainly had obtained external and internal insistences to resolve existing humanitarian conflict in Myanmar. With each consideration that held significant influences on dealing with indications of human rights violations in Myanmar, this research are processed through narrative analysis techniques to connect various patterns of phenomena that are relevant to each other.

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