Analyzing the implications of the 2019 Colombian armed conflict: political violence amid democracy = Analisis implikasi konflik bersenjata Kolombia tahun 2019: kekerasan politik di tengah demokrasi

Manlee, Chrystle Feodore (2024) Analyzing the implications of the 2019 Colombian armed conflict: political violence amid democracy = Analisis implikasi konflik bersenjata Kolombia tahun 2019: kekerasan politik di tengah demokrasi. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The quality of democracy is considered to be an imperative factor in determining the social and political conditions of a democratic country. In its transition to democracy, Colombia was responsible for being one of the most violent countries in Latin America. Synchronically, the 2019 armed conflict escalated political turmoil in Colombia after a two-year temporary reduction of violence. Thus, this research wishes to understand the reasoning behind continuous political violence in Colombia, the implications of the 2019 armed conflict toward its democracy, and whether or not international assistance may be the answer to managing the Colombian armed conflict. The Democratic Theory is used in this research with the concepts of Conflict Management, Conflict, and Political Violence. The data of this research is gathered through interviews and academic literature utilising a qualitative approach and is conducted with a combination of a descriptive, explanatory, and historical comparative approach. This research finds that Colombia's perpetual violence is rooted in the lack of legitimacy and compliance with the rule of law by the government, its institutions, and armed groups. The involvement of armed parties in narcotrafficking, especially, contributes as the most significant factor of democratic legitimacy. These root causes are then further evident in the implications of the 2019 armed conflict through legal and human rights violations, and a low sense of deliberative democracy. In hopes of preventing escalation of the conflict, the research finds that international intervention in forms of external assistance as guarantors and mediators to potentially be effective. / Keadaan sosial dan politik negara demokratis bergantung pada kondisi demokrasinya. Dalam transisinya menuju demokrasi, Kolombia tercatat sebagai salah satu negara dengan kontribusi kekerasan terbanyak di Amerika Latin. Secara serentak, timbulnya konflik bersenjata di tahun 2019 menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar kekerasan politik yang telah berkurang selama dua tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan data yang telah dipaparkan tersebut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjelaskan di balik kekerasan politik yang berkelanjutan di Kolombia, implikasi konflik bersenjata di tahun 2019 terhadap demokrasi dan potensi bantuan internasional terhadap penanggulangan konflik ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Demokrasi bersama dengan konsep Manajemen Konflik, Konflik, dan Kekerasan Politik. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa wawancara dan studi pustaka dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dielaborasikan dengan kombinasi metode deskripstif, eksplanasi serta sejarah komparatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kekerasan politik di Kolombia terus berulang karena akar masalah terhadap kurangnya legitimasi dan implementasi aturan hukum oleh pemerintah dan institusi Kolombia, serta kelompok-kelompok bersenjata. Keterlibatan kelompok bersenjata dalam perdagangan narkoba merupakan kontribusi terbesar dalam legitimasi demokratis. Akar permasalahan yang ada menjadi semakin nyata melalui implikasi konflik bersenjata pada tahun 2019. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari terjadinya pelanggaran hukum maupun pelanggaran hak asasi manusia serta rendahnya kebebasan demokrasi di Kolombia. Dengan harapan bahwa konflik tersebut dapat ditangani, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa intervensi Internasional dalam bentuk bantuan dari negara luar sebagai penjamin dan mediator dalam konflik memiliki potensi pencapaian yang efektif.

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