Peran Gereja dalam perdamaian dunia: studi kasus peran Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) dalam permesta (1957-1961) = The role of Church in world peace: the case study of Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) in the universal struggle movement or permesta (1957-1961)

Wenas, Willy Mikhael Johanes (2024) Peran Gereja dalam perdamaian dunia: studi kasus peran Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) dalam permesta (1957-1961) = The role of Church in world peace: the case study of Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) in the universal struggle movement or permesta (1957-1961). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Dilatarbelakangi oleh ketidakpuasan terhadap ketimpangan pembangunan pasca kemerdekaan, sekelompok elit sipil dan militer Sulawesi mendeklarasikan piagam Perjuangan Semesta (Permesta) pada tanggal 2 Maret 1957 di Makasar, ibukota provinsi Sulawesi saat itu. Gerakan politik yang bertujuan untuk pemerataan pembangunan ini berkembang menjadi perang saudara antara kekuatan di Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara dan pemerintah pusat pada tahun 1958-1961. Sebagai suku yang sudah mengalami proses transformasi globalisasi selama lebih dari satu abad, Minahasa menjadi sangat terbuka dalam memprotes ketidaksetaraan pembangunan. Walaupun sudah ada beberapa kajian tentang Permesta, tidak ada satupun yang mengkaji secara mendalam proses perdamaian Permesta. Oleh sebab itu, rumusan masalah skripsi ini terkait dengan peran Gereja Masehi di Minahasa (GMIM) sebagai Gereja Protestan terbesar di Minahasa dalam proses perdamaian, penyelesaian dan rehabilitasi Permesta. Permesta dan proses perdamaian serta penyelesaiannya penting untuk dibahas karena Permesta menjadi salah satu bagian sejarah yang penting dalam hubungan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat serta dinamika hubungan internasional kawasan Asia Tenggara khususnya selama Perang Dingin. Berbagai bantuan asing termasuk operasi rahasia Amerika Serikat untuk Permesta terhitung sangat besar pada zamannya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, khususnya metode studi kasus, penelitian ini membahas peran GMIM sebagai aktor non negara dalam resolusi konflik dan perdamaian dunia dari sudut pandang teori liberalisme. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara penelusuran kepustakaan dan kearsipan serta wawancara mendalam. Dengan pengolahan dan analisis data sejarah, penelitian ini berhasil menemukan bahwa GMIM berperan dalam membangun komunikasi dan negosiasi dengan berbagai pihak yang ada dalam pergolakan Permesta. Selain itu, GMIM juga memberikan bantuan logistik seperti obat-obatan. Dari aspek spiritual, GMIM melalui ketua sinode saat itu memberikan penguatan rohani serta semangat hidup kepada para penyintas maupun pejuang Permesta agar dapat bangkit lagi untuk melanjutkan usaha pembangunan di daerahnya secara damai/Motivated by dissatisfaction with post-independence development inequality, a group of Sulawesi civil and military elites declared the Universal Struggle (Permesta) charter on March 2, 1957 in Makassar, the capital of Sulawesi province at that time. This political movement aimed at equitable development developed into a civil war between the powers in Minahasa, North Sulawesi and the central government in 1958-1961. As a tribe that has undergone a process of globalization transformation for more than a century, Minahasa has become very open in protesting against development inequality. Although there have been several studies on Permesta, none have studied in depth the Permesta peace process. Therefore, the formulation of this thesis problem is related to the role of the Christian Church in Minahasa (GMIM) as the largest Protestant Church in Minahasa in the peace process, settlement and rehabilitation of Permesta. Permesta and the peace process and its settlement are important to discuss because Permesta became an important part of history in the relations between Indonesia and the United States and the dynamics of international relations in the Southeast Asian region, especially during the Cold War. Various foreign aids, including the covert United States operation for Permesta, were very large in his day. Using a qualitative approach, especially the case study method, this study discusses the role of GMIM as a non-state actor in conflict resolution and world peace from the point of view of liberalism theory. Data was collected by means of literature and archival searches as well as in-depth interviews. By processing and analyzing historical data, this study succeeded in finding that GMIM played a role in building communication and negotiation with various parties in the Permesta upheaval. In addition, GMIM also provides logistical assistance such as medicines. From the spiritual aspect, GMIM through the chairman of the synod at that time provided spiritual strengthening and enthusiasm for life to Permesta survivors and fighters so that they could rise again to continue development efforts in their area peacefully.

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