Pemanfaatan diplomasi digital: strategi penguatan ekonomi Indonesia di dalam ASEAN pada era kepemimpinan Presiden Joko widodo

Pakpahan, Clarissa (2024) Pemanfaatan diplomasi digital: strategi penguatan ekonomi Indonesia di dalam ASEAN pada era kepemimpinan Presiden Joko widodo. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Di era globalisasi saat ini, diplomasi digital telah muncul sebagai instrumen kebijakan luar negi untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional, termasuk dalam penguatan ekonomi negara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pemanfaatan diplomasi digital Indonesia dalam kawasan ASEAN untuk penguatan ekonomi Indonesia, secara khusus dalam periode Joko Widodo, untuk kemudian dapat ditinjau dan diambil pelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan diplomasi digital Indonesia di kawasan dan dalam strategi pencapaian kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini mendasarkan : Teori Realisme, Teori Kebijakan Luar Negri, Teori Diplomasi, Teori Regionalisme, serta konsep-konsep pendukung: Kepentingan Nasional, Keamanan Ekonomi, Diplomasi Digital, dan Tantangan dalam Anarki Internasional. Data dikumpulkan melalui proses kajian pustaka, penelusuran daring, serta proses wawancara. Data-data yang telah didapatkan kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Dari penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa sejauh ini melalui Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia dibawah periode Joko Widodo, diplomasi digital Indonesia telah diinstitusionalisasi dan diformalisasikan ke dalam kebijakan dan indikator agenda kementrian, Indonesia juga telah banyak memberlangsungkan agenda-agenda konferensi diplomasi digital di dalam ASEAN, terdapat banyaknya kerja sama ekonomi digital Indonesia dengan negara-negara ASEAN, yang mana menjadi bukti bahwa pemanfaatan diplomasi digital Indonesia telah menjadi pilar strategis dalam upaya memperkuat ekonomi Indonesia di tingkat regional. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa terdapat tantangan dan hambatan dalam pemanfaatan diplomasi digital di ASEAN yang datang dari internal maupun eksternal. Namun tantangan dan hambatan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan solusi seperti: penyelarasan pendidikan dan pelatihan teknologi informasi, koordinasi dan integrasi kebijakan, penyusunan rencana strategis diplomasi digital, dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang berarti dalam pengembangan dan implementasi diplomasi digital Indonesia di era Joko Widodo dan memberikan panduan bagi kebijakan luar negeri yang lebih efektif dan responsif terhadap dinamika hubungan internasional yang semakin kompleks. / In this globalization era, digital diplomacy has emerged as a tool of foreign policy to achieve national interests, including the strengthening of a country's economy. This research aims to examine how Indonesia utilizes digital diplomacy within the ASEAN region to enhance its economy, specifically during the Joko Widodo period. The study seeks to assess and draw lessons that can contribute to the improvement of Indonesia's digital diplomacy in the region and in the overall strategy for achieving national interests. The research is grounded in Realism Theory, Foreign Policy Theory, Diplomacy Theory, Regionalism Theory, and supporting concepts such as National Interest, Economic Security, Digital Diplomacy, and Challenges in International Anarchy. Data were collected through literature review, online research, and interview processes. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The findings indicate that, under the Joko Widodo administration, the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has institutionalized and formalized digital diplomacy into policies and ministry agenda indicators. Indonesia has also actively organized digital diplomacy conferences within the ASEAN region, showcasing numerous digital economic collaborations with ASEAN countries. This suggests that the utilization of Indonesian digital diplomacy has become a strategic pillar in strengthening Indonesia's economy at the regional level. The study also identified challenges and obstacles in the use of digital diplomacy in ASEAN, arising from both internal and external factors. However, these challenges and obstacles can be overcome through solutions such as aligning education and information technology training, coordinating, and integrating policies, formulating strategic digital diplomacy plans, and more. This research is expected to provide a meaningful contribution to the development and implementation of Indonesian digital diplomacy in the Joko Widodo era, offering guidance for more effective and responsive foreign policies amid the increasingly complex dynamics of international relations.

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