Dynamics of the “humanitarian intervention” by the Saudi Arabia-led coalition in the Yemen conflict

Adisasmita, Muhammad Aliframadhan (2020) Dynamics of the “humanitarian intervention” by the Saudi Arabia-led coalition in the Yemen conflict. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Yemen civil occurred after the Houthis seized the capital city of Yemen, Sanaa, in 2014 after Yemen’s failed political transition post-Arab Springs. With the help of former President Saleh, the Houthis were able seize parts of Yemen. This caused the involvement of Saudi Arabia and its coalition, which consisted of nine countries from the Arab region, including United Arab Emirates. Success of the coalition was largely due to the influence of both Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates including the support from other countries such as the United States. The civil war caused the world’s worst man-made humanitarian crisis as casualties have reached over 100,000 people and 24 million people are suffering from starvation and disease. This research analyzes the hidden political agenda of main actor in the conflict which influence the behavior of other state actors who are involved in the Yemen civil war. Additionally, this research analyzes the response of the League of Arab States, as the regional organization, towards the ongoing conflict. Neorealism is used to analyze the case and to answer the research question. Moreover, the research used an explanatory and historical comparative in finding the reason behind the ongoing conflict in Yemen. The findings of the research suggest that political agenda among the state actors largely motivate their involvement in Yemen. For Saudi Arabia, threat of Houthis control over Yemen is seen to be a viable threat to Saudi borders. Whilst the United States interest in Yemen is mainly to support Saudi Arabia, its biggest ally in the region. While the success of the coalition also ensures continue United States influence in the region. Additionally, the continuous presence of terrorist acts within the region prompt The United States involvement following its policy of ‘war on terror’. In addition, there are also economic interest within Yemen that propels active United States engagement in the country and region. / Perang saudara Yaman terjadi setelah Houthi merebut Sanaa, ibukota Yaman, pada tahun 2014 setelah kegagalan transisi politik pemerintahan pasca Arab Spring. Dengan bantuan mantan presiden Saleh, Houthi mengambil alih sebagian besar negara. Hal ini mengakibatkan keterlibatan Arab Saudi dan koalisinya yang terdiri dari sembilan negara lain dari kawasan Arab, termasuk Uni Emirat Arab (UEA). Keberhasilan koalisi sebagian besar karena kekuatan Arab Saudi dan UEA bersama dengan dukungan dari negara-negara lain seperti Amerika Serikat (AS). Pertempuran di negara ini telah menyebabkan krisis kemanusiaan buatan yang terburuk di dunia karena jumlah kematian telah mencapai lebih dari 100.000 jiwa dan diperkirakan 24 juta orang menderita kelaparan dan penyakit. Penelitian ini menganalisis agenda politik tersembunyi yang memengaruhi perilaku aktor negara yang terlibat dalam perang saudara Yaman. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis respons Liga Negara-negara Arab, sebagai organisasi regional, terhadap konflik yang sedang berlangsung. Teori Neorealisme digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini melakukan metode eksplanatif dan perbandingan historis untuk menemukan alasan di balik konflik di Yaman. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agenda politik di antara para aktor negara sebagian besar memotivasi keterlibatan mereka di Yaman. Untuk Arab Saudi, ancaman Houthi di Yaman mengancam perbatasan Arab Saudi. Sementara kepentingan AS di Yaman adalah untuk mendukung Arab Saudi, sekutu terbesarnya di wilayah ini. Kemenangan koalisi Arab Saudi memastikan pengaruh berkelanjutan yang dimiliki AS di wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, kehadiran aksi terorisme mendorong keterlibatan AS karena kebijakan AS untuk melawan teror tetap ada. Selain itu, kepentingan ekonomi di Yaman juga mendorong keterlibatan AS.

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