Implikasi kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap reputasi India dalam hubungan internasional: studi kasus konflik Kashmir

Katamsi, Sherlyn Byan (2024) Implikasi kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap reputasi India dalam hubungan internasional: studi kasus konflik Kashmir. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Konflik Kashmir antara India dan Pakistan utamanya dipicu oleh letak geografis Kashmir yang berada di tengah-tengah kedua negara tersebut. Konflik ini merupakan konflik yang berkepanjangan dan kompleks, melihat konflik ini melibatkan unsur agama dan pelanggaran HAM di dalamnya, termasuk kekerasan berbasis gender dalam strategi perangnya. Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi implikasi pelanggaran HAM dalam konflik Kashmir terhadap reputasi kekerasan berbasis gender di India dalam hubungan internasional. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi implikasi tersebut terhadap citra dan reputasi India sebagai negara demokrasi yang menjunjung tinggi hak dan kebebasan individu. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan perspektif Liberalisme, dan didukung dengan konsep Konflik Sosial, Kekerasan Berbasis Gender, HAM, dan Citra Nasional sebagai instrumen penelitian. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus, di mana data diperoleh melalui data sekunder yang dianalisis dengan teknik analisis naratif. Sebagai negara demokrasi, sudah seharusnya India memberikan perlindungan hak dan kebebasan individu di negaranya. Namun, melihat budaya patriarki, sistem kasta yang diskriminatif, dan ketidaksetaraan gender yang telah melekat pada pola pikir masyarakat India justru menciptakan hak impunitas bagi pelaku kekerasan berbasis gender dalam berbagai aspek negaranya, termasuk dalam aspek militerisme. Selain itu, India juga dinilai tidak menghargai jalannya demokrasi dalam hubungan internasional, karena cenderung selalu menghindar dari kritik dan intervensi internasional. Sehingga, selain India dikenal sebagai negara paling berbahaya untuk perempuan, India juga dinilai gagal sebagai negara demokrasi yang tidak menjunjung tinggi HAM./The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan arises from Kashmir’s strategic location between the two nations. This enduring dispute over the Kashmir region encompasses religious dimensions and human rights interventions, involving elements of religion and human rights intervention, as well as gender-based violence in its wartime strategy. This study aims to analyze the impact of India's reputation for gender-based violence on its use in the Kashmir conflict, examining implications for India's standing in the realm of international relations. The objective is to identify these implications for India’s image and reputation as a democracy that upholds individual rights and freedoms. This study will employ the Liberalism perspective and underpinned by the conceptual frameworks of Social Conflict, Human Rights, Gender-Based Violence, and National Image. This writing uses a qualitative approach and case study method, where data is derived from secondary sources and analyzed through narrative analysis techniques. As a democratic nation, India is expected to provide the protection of individual rights and freedoms of its citizens. However, given the patriarchal culture, discriminatory caste system, and gender inequality that has been embedded in Indian society, contribute to a disconcerting environment and establishes the right to impunity for those involved of gender-based violence in the country, impacting India’s strategic approach amidst military conflicts. Moreover, India is considered as not respecting the course of democracy in international relations, as it consistently avoids international criticism and intervention. India's reluctance to embrace international intervention and the perceived disregard for democratic principles on a global scale further affects its reputation as both a dangerous country for women and a democratic nation falling short of human rights standards.

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