The role of women in peacebuilding: the case of Afghanistan (2004-2019)

Tjendana, Jane Purnama Dewi (2024) The role of women in peacebuilding: the case of Afghanistan (2004-2019). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Under the Taliban’s first rule of Afghanistan in 1996–2001, the country was known to the world as a country with one of the worst, if not the worst rates of women's rights violations the world has ever witnessed. The United States’ intervention in the years that followed, introduced democratic values into Afghanistan which allowed women a better standing in society and larger roles as peacebuilders after the decades of instability and conflict the country has faced. Thus, the research seeks to understand the ways in which men and women are affected differently during conflicts, and subsequently how women in Afghanistan become agents for peacebuilding given the access they were granted by the 2004 Afghanistan Constitution. Peacebuilding theory is used with concepts of Violence and Peacebuilding; Structural Peacebuilding; Cultural Peacebuilding and Women, Peace and Security. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive research method. The research finds that women become the worst victims of wars because although they are not involved in direct or combative roles during wars, they are still being targeted by the opposing parties in conflicts as their bodies are seen as properties to be dominated. Furthermore, although Afghan women enjoy more rights as a result of the 2004 Constitution, their roles as peacebuilders are still severely limited due to pre-existing cultural norms. Peacebuilding theory affirms that a conflict may only be transformed when the root of the issue is acknowledged, in this case, cultural values are either shifted or taken into account when recommending peacebuilding activities. / Di bawah pemerintahan pertama Taliban di Afghanistan pada tahun 1996–2001, Afghanistan dikenal dunia sebagai negara dengan tingkat pelanggaran hak asasi perempuan terburuk di dunia. Intervensi AS pada tahun-tahun berikutnya memperkenalkan nilai-nilai demokrasi di Afghanistan yang memungkinkan perempuan memiliki kedudukan yang lebih baik di masyarakat, dan juga berperan lebih besar sebagai dalam bina damai setelah puluhan tahun mengalami instabilitas dan konflik yang dihadapi negara tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berupaya untuk memahami bagaimana laki-laki dan perempuan terkena dampak yang berbeda selama konflik, dan selanjutnya bagaimana perempuan di Afghanistan menjadi agen perdamaian menggunakan akses yang diberikan kepada mereka berdasarkan Konstitusi Afghanistan tahun 2004. Teori Bina Damai digunakan dengan konsep Kekerasan dan Bina Damai; Pembangunan Perdamaian Struktural; Pembangunan Perdamaian Kultural dan Perempuan, Perdamaian dan Keamanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan menjadi korban perang yang paling buruk karena meskipun mereka tidak terlibat dalam peran langsung atau agresif selama perang, mereka masih menjadi sasaran pihak lawan dalam konflik karena tubuh mereka yang dipandang sebagai properti yang harus didominasi. Selain itu, meskipun perempuan Afghanistan menikmati lebih banyak hak berdasarkan Konstitusi 2004, peran mereka sebagai agen perdamaian masih sangat terbatas karena norma budaya yang sudah ada. Teori Bina Damai menegaskan bahwa suatu konflik hanya dapat diubah jika akar masalahnya diketahui, dan dalam hal ini nilai-nilai budaya perlu diperhitungkan ketika merekomendasikan kegiatan bina damai.

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