Perlindungan hukum kreditor terhadap pembatalan sertipikat hak guna usaha yang telah dibebani hak tanggungan karena tumpang tindih dengan surat pernyataan penguasaan hak garap lahan = Legal protection of creditors against cancellation of certificates of business use rights that have been burdened with dependent rights because they overlap with the statement of tenure of land cultivation rights

Ardiana, A. Rizky Maulidta (2023) Perlindungan hukum kreditor terhadap pembatalan sertipikat hak guna usaha yang telah dibebani hak tanggungan karena tumpang tindih dengan surat pernyataan penguasaan hak garap lahan = Legal protection of creditors against cancellation of certificates of business use rights that have been burdened with dependent rights because they overlap with the statement of tenure of land cultivation rights. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Sertifikat adalah alat pembuktian yang kuat sebagai surat tanda bukti hak. Dalam kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor Putusan 497K/TUN/2022, hakim telah membatalkan sertipikat hak guna usaha yang tumpang tindih dengan surat pernyataan penguasaan hak garap lahan yang berimplikasi kepada kreditor sebagai pemegang objek hak tanggungan. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai kedudukan surat pernyataan penguasaan hak garap lahan dalam hukum agrarian di Indonesia; dan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor pemegang objek sertifikat yang dibatalkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif empiris, yang merupakan penggabungan antara pendekatan hukum normatif dengan adanya penambahan berbagai unsur empiris yang didukung dengan wawancara narasumber yaitu Notaris/PPAT dan Direktur Penanganan Perkata Pertanahan Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah surat pernyataan penguasaan hak garap lahan merupakan surat keterangan tanah yang digunakan sebagai petunjuk mengenai pihak yang memiliki hak untuk menggarap, sehingga bukan merupakan bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah. Pembatalan sertifikat hak guna usaha dibatalkan dengan putusan pengadilan disebabkan adanya perbedaan data fisik dengan data yang tercantum dalam sertifikat. Terkait perlindungan hukum bagi kreditor pemegang objek jaminan yang dibatalkan, kreditor dapat memanfaatkan janji-janji kuasa yang ada dalam Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan dan meminta penggantian jaminan dengan nilai yang sepadan. / A certificate is a strong evidentiary tool as proof of rights. In the case of Supreme Court Decision Number 497K/TUN/2022, the judge canceled the certificate of cultivation rights which overlapped with the statement of control over land cultivation rights which had implications for the creditor as the holder of the object of mortgage rights. The issues raised in this research are regarding the position of the statement of ownership of land cultivation rights in agrarian law in Indonesia; and legal protection for creditors holding canceled certificate objects. This research uses a normative empirical research method, which is a combination of a normative legal approach with the addition of various empirical elements which are supported by interviews with informants, namely Notaries/PPATs and the Director of Land Management of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency. The result of this research is that a statement of ownership of the right to work on land is a land certificate that is used as an indication of the party who has the right to work on it, so it is not proof of ownership of land rights. Cancellation of a certificate of right to cultivate is canceled by a court decision due to differences in physical data with the data stated in the certificate. Regarding legal protection for creditors holding canceled collateral objects, creditors can take advantage of the power of attorney promises contained in the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights and request replacement of the collateral with a commensurate value.

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