Analisis Kebijakan Ekonomi Tiongkok di Kawasan Afrika Barat

Alnando, Kevin (2024) Analisis Kebijakan Ekonomi Tiongkok di Kawasan Afrika Barat. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan ekonomi Tiongkok yang masif tidak lepas dari pengaruh kebijakan ekonomi yang dirancang oleh pemerintahannya, yang diatur langsung oleh Xi Jinping selaku pemimpinnya dan Partai Komunis Cina. Pertumbuhan Tiongkok ini tidak lepas dari pengaruh pemimpin terdahulunya yakni Deng Xiaoping yang melakukan reformasi ekonomi dan mengubah sistem ekonomi Tiongkok menjadi terbuka. Pada penelitian ini, pendekatan ekonomi Tiongkok difokuskan kepada kawasan Afrika Barat yang kaya akan sumber daya alam. Di Afrika Barat, Tiongkok melakukan berbagai diplomasi ekonomi melalui investasi infrastruktur dan joint ventures. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran atas kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi yang dilakukan Tiongkok di kawasan Afrika Barat serta kepentingan Tiongkok dibalik kebijakan tersebut. Dalam memberikan analisis yang mendalam, penelitian ini menggunakan teori Realisme Neoklasik, dan beberapa konsep pendukung seperti konsep geopolitik, FDI, dan faktor pengambilan keputusan pada kebijakan luar negeri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dan penulusuran daring. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Event Structure Analysis (ESA). Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat ditemukan beberapa aspek penting yang menjelaskan perilaku Tiongkok dalam membentuk kebijakan luar negerinya terutama di kawasan Afrika Barat. Adanya dorongan internal dan tekanan eksternal memainkan peran penting bagi dinamika politik internasional dan geopolitik Tiongkok di kawasan tersebut. Kepentingan yang berpusat kepada sumber daya dan legitimasi politik adalah dasar utama bagi kebijakan luar negeri Tiongkok dibawah pemerintahan Xi Jinping./ China’s massive economic growth is closely tied to the influence of its economic policies designed by its government, directly regulated by its leader, Xi Jinping, and the Communist Party of China. Its growth is inseparable from the influence of its previous leader, Deng Xiaoping who implemented economic reforms and transformed China’s economic system into an open economic system. In this research, the focus is on China’s economic approach towards West African region which the region that rich in natural resources. In West Africa, China engages in various economic initiatives as its diplomacy activities through infrastructure investment and joint ventures. In providing an in-depth analysis, this research uses Neoclassical Realism theory, and several supporting concepts such as geopolitical concepts, FDI, and decision-making factors in foreign policy. This research aims to provide an overview of the economic policies carried out by China in the West African region and China's interests behind these policies. This research adopts a qualitative approach with secondary data collection metods through literature studies and online research. The data analysis utilizes the Event Structure Analysis (ESA) technique. From this research, there are several important aspects explaining the China’s behavior in shaping its foreign policy, especially in the West African Region. Internal impetus and external pressure can be identified and play a crucial role in the dynamics of China’s international politics and geopolitics in that region. The central focus on resources and political legitimacy forms the primary basis for China’s foreign policy agenda under the leadership of Xi Jinping.

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