Peranan sinovac dalam penanggulangan Covid-19 dan dampaknya terhadap tata kelola kesehatan global di Asia Tenggara

Bangguna, Daniel Tandyo (2024) Peranan sinovac dalam penanggulangan Covid-19 dan dampaknya terhadap tata kelola kesehatan global di Asia Tenggara. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Ketimpangan distribusi vaksin menjadi masalah yang dihadapi oleh banyak negara dalam pandemi Covid-19. Negara-negara maju yang umumnya menjadi produsen vaksin justru menahan pasokan vaksin bagi negaranya sendiri. Hal ini menghambat negara miskin dan berkembang untuk mendapatkan vaksin dengan mudah dan biaya yang terjangkau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami peran Sinovac dalam penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19 di Asia Tenggara. Sinovac sebagai perusahaan farmasi asal Tiongkok banyak memasok vaksin yang digunakan di negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Asia Tenggara. Neoliberalisme menjadi teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersama dengan konsep aktor non-negara, kerja sama internasional, dan tata kelola kesehatan global. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif untuk menyoroti kerja sama yang dilakukan antara Sinovac dengan Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, Myanmar, Singapura, dan Kamboja dalam upaya untuk menanggulangi pandemi Covid-19. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan sumber daring seperti buku, jurnal, berita, atau laporan lembaga terkait. Temuan yang didapat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik ilustratif. Penelitian ini menemukan bagaimana peranan yang dilakukan oleh Sinovac di Asia Tenggara sebagai penyedia obat dan vaksin serta rekanan inovasi yang memiliki dampak untuk membantu negara-negara berkembang dalam mendapatkan vaksin dengan biaya yang murah dan cepat, transfer teknologi, hingga mengamankan pasokan vaksin di negaranya. Penggunaan vaksin Sinovac di negara-negara tersebut juga menimbulkan tantangan berupa kontroversi, mulai dari efektivitas, kehalalan, hingga alat politik Tiongkok untuk menyebarkan pengaruhnya. Di lain sisi, peranan Sinovac dan perusahaan farmasi dari pasar berkembang lainnya belum banyak mendapat perhatian, baik secara global maupun akademis./Vaccine distribution inequality is a problem faced by many countries in the Covid 19 pandemic. Developed countries, which are generally vaccine producers, are holding back vaccine supplies for their own countries. This prevents poor and developing countries from getting vaccines easily and at an affordable cost. This research aims to explore Sinovac's role in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. Sinovac, a pharmaceutical company from China, supplies many vaccines used in developing countries, including Southeast Asia. Neoliberalism is the theory used in this research, with the concepts of non-state actors, international cooperation, and global health governance. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to highlight the cooperation between Sinovac and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore, and Cambodia to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. Data was obtained through literature studies and online sources such as books, journals, news, or reports from related institutions. The findings then analyzed using illustrative technique. This research finds out how the role of Sinovac in Southeast Asia as a medicines and vaccine supplier as well as an innovation partner have impacts on helping developing countries obtain vaccines at low cost and quickly, transfer technology, and secure vaccine supplies in their countries. The use of the Sinovac vaccine in these countries also raises challenges such as controversy regarding its effectiveness, halalness, to China's political tools to spread its influence. On the other hand, the role of Sinovac and pharmaceutical companies from other developing markets has not received much attention, both globally and academically.

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