Pemanfaatan identitas agama dalam upaya state-building oleh Taliban di Afghanistan = The utilization of religious identity in state-building efforts by the Taliban in Afghanistan

Aaron, Pablo (2024) Pemanfaatan identitas agama dalam upaya state-building oleh Taliban di Afghanistan = The utilization of religious identity in state-building efforts by the Taliban in Afghanistan. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Peran agama dalam hubungan internasional sering kali terpinggirkan. Namun, dalam kasus Afghanistan, agama menunjukkan kesanggupannya untuk berevolusi di skala domestik dan menjadi paradigma yang diakui secara internasional. Berdirinya kembali Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) pada tahun 2021, mendorong penelitian ini untuk menelusuri kekuasaan Taliban yang baru, mulai dari dampak identitas agama pada pemerintahan hingga tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh faksi Islamic State Khorasan (IS-K). Legitimasi kedaulatan, yang diperlakukan sebagai institusi normatif yang dibangun secara sosial, juga dianalisis berdasarkan teori konstruktivisme untuk melihat disimilaritas Taliban di dalam dan luar negeri. Guna menyelidiki upaya Taliban membangun kembali citra serta pengakuan bagi Afghanistan, penelitian ini memusatkan perhatiannya terhadap bagaimana identitas agama sebagai soft power mampu menjembatani rezim Islam tersebut dengan komunitas internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelusuran daring. Analisis data diaplikasikan secara teknik naratif. Ditemukan bahwa Afghanistan menampilkan dirinya sebagai pemerintahan Islam yang mampu mewujudkan dua identitas yang kontras. Di kancah global, Afghanistan memperlihatkan sisi lunak dari Islam versinya dengan berpartisipasi aktif dalam organisasi internasional dan kerja sama regional. Namun, di dalam negeri, Afghanistan mempertahankan yurisdiksi Islam yang lebih keras dan disegani. Studi ini menggarisbawahi sifat dinamis dari identitas agama, dibentuk oleh konteks domestik dan internasional, serta peran penting yang dimainkannya dalam lanskap sosio-politik Afghanistan yang terus berkembang. / The role of religion in international relations is frequently overlooked. Nevertheless, Afghanistan stands out as a case where religion has showcased its ability to evolve on a domestic scale and become an internationally recognized paradigm. The resurgence of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) in 2021, prompted the study to delve into the new Taliban administration, exploring the impact of religious identity on governance and the challenges posed by the Islamic State Khorasan (IS-K) faction. The legitimacy of sovereignty, viewed as a socially constructed normative institution, also undergoes analysis based on constructivist theory to unveil Taliban's distinctions both within and outside the country. In scrutinizing Taliban's endeavors to reconstruct Afghanistan's image and garner international recognition, this research zeroes in on how religious identity, wielded as soft power, acts as a bridge between the Islamic regime and the international community. This research uses a qualitative approach, with secondary data collection methods through literature reviews and online searches. Data analysis is applied in narrative techniques. The findings reveal that Afghanistan presents itself as an Islamic government capable of embodying two contrasting identities. On the international stage, Afghanistan showcases a lenient side of their version of Islam by actively participating in international organizations and regional cooperations. However, domestically, it maintains a more feared and strict Islamic jurisdiction. The research underscores the dynamic nature of religious identity, shaped by domestic and international contexts, and emphasizes its pivotal contribution to Afghanistan's ever-evolving socio-political landscape.

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