Perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Australia terhadap Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan Scott Morrison

Arti, Ida Ayu Bulan Utami (2024) Perubahan kebijakan luar negeri Australia terhadap Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan Scott Morrison. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, semakin banyak studi empiris yang meneliti perubahan kebijakan luar negeri. Penelitian ini menyoroti hal selaras. Di bawah payung pemerintahan Scott Morrison, Australia tampil berani melakukan perubahan kebijakan luar negeri terhadap Tiongkok. Padahal, sebelum masa pemerintahan Scott Morrison, kedua negara tampil harmonis dan terikat dalam hubungan ekonomi yang saling melengkapi melalui tercapainya China-Australia Free Trade Agreement pada tahun 2015. Adanya anomali tersebut, membuat isu ini menarik diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji wujud perubahan dalam kebijakan luar negeri Australia terhadap Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan Scott Morrison dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut. Analisis didasarkan pada Perspektif Realisme dan Teori Realisme Neoklasik tipe III serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Mengingat kata kunci yang ditekankan pada penelitian ini adalah ‘perubahan’, maka analisis komparatif digunakan dalam proses analisis data. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan kebijakan luar negeri Australia berubah dari Pro-Tiongkok menjadi Anti-Tiongkok. Sikap anti-Tiongkok tersebut diekspresikan melalui tiga keputusan ofensif seperti: 1) pelarangan investasi dan hubungan dagang dengan Tiongkok; 2) pembatasan pelajar asing Tiongkok di Australia dan 3) serangan untuk Tiongkok di tingkat Mulilateral. Tidak hanya itu, dengan merujuk pada Teori Realisme Neoklasik tipe III, penelitian ini menemukan lima faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan yaitu: 1) agresivitas Tiongkok di Pasifik; 2) pengaruh Scott Morrison sebagai pengambil keputusan; 3) pengaruh budaya strategis Australia; 4) pengaruh opini publik; serta 5) pengaruh Partai Koalisi Liberal-Nasional yang berkuasa. / For the past few decades, an increasing number of empirical studies has examined changes in foreign policy. This research higlights a consistent trend. Under the governance of Scott Morrison, Australia has boldly shifted its foreign policy towards China. Prior to Morrison’s administration, both countries had a harmonious relationship and were engaged in mutually complementary economic ties trough the establishment of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015. The exsistence of this anomaly makes this issue intriguing for investigation. The aim of this research is to examine the nature of changes in Australia’s foreign policy towards China during the tenure of Scott Morrison’s government and to analyze the influencing factors behind these changes.The analysis is based on the Realism Perspective and Type III Neoclasical Realism Theory, utilizing a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Given the emphasized keywords of ‘change’ in the research, a comparative analysis is used in the data analysis process. The research finding illustrate that Australia’s foreign policy shifted from being Pro-China to Anti-China. This anti-China stance was express through three offensive decisions: 1) banning investments and trade relations with China; 2) limiting Chinese foreign students in Australia; and 3) taking a critical stance towards China at the multilateral level. Furthermore, referencing Type III Neoclassical Realism Theory, this research indetifies five factors influencing this shift: 1) China aggressiveness in the Pacific; 2) the influence of Scott Morrison as a decision-maker; 3) the influence of Australia’s strategic culture; 4) public opinion influence; and 5) the influence of the ruling Liberal-National Coalition Party.

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