Pemaknaan mengenai cara berinteraksi antara dokter-pasien melalui telemedicine

Wibowo, Evanny Silviana Intan (2023) Pemaknaan mengenai cara berinteraksi antara dokter-pasien melalui telemedicine. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Interaksi dokter dan pasien berpotensi mengalami disonansi karena perbedaan persepsi tentang masalah kesehatan. Hal ini terjadi apabila pasien kesulitan memahami instruksi dokter atau jika rekomendasi pengobatan tidak sesuai dengan preferensi pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori fenomenologi yang dikemukakan oleh Schutz (1967), teori konstruksi makna yang dikemukakan oleh Berger dan Luckmann (1966) dan teori Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) yang dikemukakan oleh Hiltz & Turoff (1978). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme. Informan penelitian berjumlah 6 orang dengan kriteria yaitu tinggal di Jakarta, menggunakan aplikasi telemedicine dan berinteraksi dengan dokter dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan terakhir. Hasil penelitian menemukan 5 kontruksi makna interaksi dokter pasien melalui telemedicine yaitu makna diagnosis, makna informasi, makna pendidikan, makna empati dan makna evaluasi. Dalam konteks telemedicine, temuan ini mengungkap pergeseran makna dalam interaksi dokter-pasien. Diagnostik terfokus pada identifikasi gejala dan riwayat medis dari jarak jauh, sementara komunikasi informasi dirancang untuk mengubah sikap dan perilaku pasien terkait penyembuhan. Pendidikan kesehatan disampaikan melalui platform digital, memberikan informasi tentang kondisi kesehatan, perawatan diri dan gaya hidup sehat. Tantangan muncul dalam mengekspresikan empati secara virtual yaitu dokter harus menunjukkan perhatian, penghargaan dan mendengarkan keluhan pasien tanpa interaksi tatap muka. Evaluasi kesehatan pasien juga dilakukan secara berkala melalui telemedicine, menekankan perlunya adaptasi dokter dalam komunikasi, pembangunan hubungan dan pemanfaatan teknologi untuk mendukung perawatan jarak jauh. / Interactions between doctors and patients have the potential to experience dissonance due to differences in perceptions about health problems. This occurs if the patient has difficulty understanding the doctor's instructions or if the treatment recommendations do not match the patient's preferences. This research uses the phenomenological theory proposed by Schutz (1967), the meaning construction theory proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966) and the Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) theory proposed by Hiltz & Turoff (1978). The research method used is qualitative with a constructivist paradigm. The research informants were 6 people with the criteria namely living in Jakarta, using telemedicine applications and interacting with doctors in the last 6 months. The results of the research found 5 constructions of the meaning of doctor-patient interaction via telemedicine, namely the meaning of diagnosis, the meaning of information, the meaning of education, the meaning of empathy and the meaning of evaluation. In the context of telemedicine, these findings reveal a shift in meaning in doctor- patient interactions. Diagnostics focuses on remotely identifying symptoms and medical history, while information communication is designed to change patient attitudes and behavior regarding healing. Health education is delivered via digital platforms, providing information about health conditions, self-care and healthy lifestyles. Challenges arise in expressing empathy virtually, namely doctors must show attention, appreciation and listen to patient complaints without face-to-face interaction. Patient health evaluations are also carried out regularly via telemedicine, emphasizing the need for doctors to adapt in communication, relationship building and the use of technology to support long-distance care.

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