Kewenangan negara berdaulat dalam menjaga pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional UNCLOS 1982

Kurniawan, Dendi (2023) Kewenangan negara berdaulat dalam menjaga pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional UNCLOS 1982. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis ratio legis UNCLOS 1982 dan menganalisis kewenangan negara berdaulat dalam menjaga pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional UNCLOS 1982. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan konseptual normatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan Ratio legis UNCLOS 1982 mengarah pada pembentukan kerangka hukum yang adil, berkelanjutan, dan berdasarkan prinsip - prinsip keadilan internasional dalam pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut. UNCLOS 1982 memberikan panduan mengenai bagaimana sumber daya alam laut harus dijaga dan dimanfaatkan secara bijaksana dengan mempertimbangkan kepentingan umum, konservasi ekosistem laut, dan keadilan bagi semua negara. Kerangka hukum ini menekankan hak dan tanggung jawab negara pesisir dan negara lain dalam menetapkan batas wilayah ZEE, mengelola perairan laut teritorial, serta memastikan lintas bebas dalam kegiatan ekonomi laut. Kewenangan negara berdaulat dalam menjaga pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut adalah hak yang dibatasi oleh prinsip-prinsip hukum laut global. Teori Empowering State menekankan pentingnya kewenangan dan tanggung jawab negara dalam menjaga dan mengelola sumber daya alam dalam wilayahnya. UNCLOS 1982 memberikan kerangka kerja hukum yang mengatur hak dan kewajiban negara pesisir dalam menjaga pemanfaatan kekayaan alam laut. Negara pesisir memiliki hak untuk menetapkan zona ekonomi eksklusif (ZEE) yang memberikan yurisdiksi ekonomi atas sumber daya laut di sekitar wilayah mereka, sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Teori Empowering State. / The aim of this research is to analyze the legal ratios of UNCLOS 1982 and analyze the authority of sovereign states in maintaining the use of marine natural resources from the perspective of international law UNCLOS 1982. This research uses literature studies with a normative conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the UNCLOS 1982 Ratio legis leads to the formation of a legal framework that is fair, sustainable and based on the principles of international justice in the utilization of marine natural resources. UNCLOS 1982 provides guidelines for how marine natural resources must be protected and utilized wisely by considering the public interest, conservation of marine ecosystems, and justice for all countries. This legal framework emphasizes the rights and responsibilities of coastal states and other countries in establishing EEZ territorial boundaries, managing territorial sea waters, and ensuring free passage in maritime economic activities. The authority of a sovereign state to protect the use of marine natural resources is a right that is limited by the principles of global maritime law. The Empowering State theory emphasizes the importance of the state's authority and responsibility in protecting and managing natural resources in its territory. UNCLOS 1982 provides a legal framework that regulates the rights and obligations of coastal states in maintaining the use of marine natural resources. Coastal countries have the right to establish exclusive economic zones (EEZ) which provide economic jurisdiction over marine resources around their territory, in accordance with the principles of Empowering State Theory.

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