Peran strategis Indonesia dalam ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) dari sudut pandang geopolitik

Octafiani, Nanda Ainun (2023) Peran strategis Indonesia dalam ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) dari sudut pandang geopolitik. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pada era dinamika geopolitik kawasan Indo-Pasifik yang semakin kompleks, dimana rivalitas kekuatan besar di kawasan semakin hangat dirasakan, Indonesia muncul sebagai pemain kunci dengan mengambil peran strategis melalui inisiatif ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP), dan menunjukkan kapasitasnya dalam membentuk narasi kawasan Indo-Pasifik di Asia Tenggara. Dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis realisme neoklasik, yang tidak hanya fokus pada struktur international namun juga memperhitungkan faktor domestik, tesis ini bertujuan untuk memahami mengapa Indonesia mengambil peran strategis dalam AOIP dan bagaimana Indonesia melakukan diplomasi untuk mewujudkan AOIP dengan mempergunakan posisi strategis geopolitiknya. Analisa dalam tulisan ini menyoroti bagaimana struktur internasional yang identik dengan peningkatan persaingan antara Amerika Serikat dan China, dan kemunculan kelompok Quad di kawasan dipadukan dengan faktor internal seperti sikap geopolitik bangsa Indonesia yakni Wawasan Nusantara, kondisi perekonomian dalam negeri, visi Poros Maritim Dunia dan karakter pemimpin negara nyatanya telah mendorong Indonesia untuk memanfaatkan posisi strategisnya yang berada di antara Samudera Hindia dan Pasifik dan statusnya sebagai negara besar di organisasi regional ASEAN untuk mengambil peran strategis dalam pembentukan AOIP melalui sejumlah upaya diplomasi. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan holistik tentang bagaimana Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan AOIP sebagai platform untuk memajukan kepentingan nasionalnya, sambil tetap menjaga koherensi dan konsistensi dalam pendekatan diplomatisnya. Sehingga, penelitian ini tidak hanya mengisi gap dalam literatur geopolitik kawasan yang sedang berkembang tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi substansial bagi pemahaman terkait diplomasi Indonesia di panggung global. / In an era of increasingly complex geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region, where great power rivalries in the region are increasingly felt, Indonesia has emerged as key player in regional and global stage by taking strategic role in inisiating ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP), and demonstrating its capacity in shaping the narrative of Indo-Pacific region in Southeast Asia. By using neoclassical realism analytical framework, which does not only focus on international structures but also takes into account domestic factors, this thesis aims to understand why Indonesia took a strategic role in AOIP and how Indonesia carried out diplomacy to realize AOIP by using its geopolitical strategic position. The analysis in this paper highlights how the international structures that identified with increasing competition between the United States and China, the emergence of the Quad in the region, and combined with internal factors such as the geopolitical attitude of the Indonesian nation, namely “Wawasan Nusantara”, domestic economic conditions, character of the leader, and the vision of Global Maritime Fulcrum has further encouraged Indonesia to take advantage of its strategic position between the Indian and Pacific Oceans and its status as influential country in the ASEAN, to take a strategic role in the formation of AOIP through a number of diplomatic efforts. Furthermore, this research provides holistic insight into how Indonesia can utilize AOIP as a platform to advance its national interests, while maintaining coherence and consistency in its diplomatic approach. Thus, this research not only fills a gap in the developing regional geopolitical literature but also makes a substantial contribution to understanding Indonesian diplomacy on the global stage.

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