Kelemahan chemical weapon convention (CWC) dalam mencegah penggunaan senjata kimia: studi kasus SURIAH

Simanjuntak, Muhamad Vahriandi (2024) Kelemahan chemical weapon convention (CWC) dalam mencegah penggunaan senjata kimia: studi kasus SURIAH. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) sebagai rezim internasional dan implementasinya oleh OPCW dalam mencegah penggunaan senjata kimia di Suriah. Teori rezim internasional digunakan sebagai landasan teori, sementara metodologi penelitian yang digunakan ialah studi kasus sederhana, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari sumber sekunder yang terdapat dalam berbagai bentuk kepustakaan dan penelitian – penelitian terdahulu. Pengumpulannya menggunakan teknik studi kepustakaan. Selanjutnya data yang sudah diperoleh dikelompokkan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CWC sebagai sebuah rezim belum efektif dalam menghapuskan penggunaan, dan fasilitas produksi senjata kimia. Terbukti dalam studi kasus di Suriah, CWC tidak berhasil menerapkan aturan-aturannya. Hal ini dikarenakan penghapusan penggunaan senjata kimia di Suriah begitu rumit seiring dengan situasi konflik yang terjadi. Akibatnya, komitmen Pemerintah Suriah pun bergeser ke pencapaian kepentingan nasional mereka untuk mempertahankan kedaulatan dan rezim yang sedang berkuasa. Sementara itu Organization for the Prohibition Chemical Weapon (OPCW) sebagai badan yang dibentuk CWC pun tak mampu mencegah penggunaan senjata kimia di Suriah. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh minimnya wewenang yang dimiliki CWC untuk mengambil langkah tegas atas hasil temuan mereka di lapangan. / The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) as a global framework and the efforts made by the OPCW in enforcing it to prevent the use of chemical weapons in Syria. The theoretical foundation of this study is international regime theory, and the research methodology used is a straightforward qualitative case study. The data was derived from secondary sources, which included a variety of publications and prior investigations. The data collecting employs methodologies often used in library studies. Moreover, the acquired data is organized by data analysis methodologies used in the field of literature research. The findings of this research suggest that the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) has not shown to be efficacious in eradicating the use and manufacturing infrastructure of chemical weapons. The case study in Syria has shown that the CWC was unsuccessful in implementing its regulations. The complexity of eliminating chemical weapons in Syria is directly related to the ongoing combat scenario. Consequently, the Syrian Government's dedication has transitioned towards pursuing their national interests in order to safeguard their sovereignty and maintain the current system. However, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which was established by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), has been ineffective in stopping the use of chemical weapons in Syria. The absence of sufficient power hinders CWC from implementing decisive actions based on its field research findings.

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