Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring Kualitas Udara dan Curah Hujan Berbasis Lora dan Energi Surya

Anggoro, Rizal (2024) Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring Kualitas Udara dan Curah Hujan Berbasis Lora dan Energi Surya. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Memburuknya kualitas udara tidak dapat dihindari seiring dengan semakin pesatnya penggunaan kendaraan bermotor berbahan bakar fosil yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya konsentrasi partikulat udara halus seperti PM 1.0, PM 2.5, dan PM 10.0. Bagi masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di kota besar memiliki resiko yang cukup tinggi akan paparan tersebut sehingga diperlukan adanya sistem monitoring kualitas udara dan curah hujan agar masyarakat dapat lebih waspada terutama pada saat konsentrasi partikulat sedang tinggi. Dan dengan adanya Internet of Things (IoT), sistem monitoring tersebut dapat diimplementasikan. Pada tugas akhir ini, sistem monitoring dikembangkan dengan off-grid Solar Power System sebagai sumber energi listrik, Sensor PMS7003 sebagai detector partikulat PM 1.0, PM 2.5, dan PM 10.0 di udara, sensor curah hujan sebagai pendeteksi cuaca, Arduino Uno (ATmega8266) sebagai mikrokontroller, LoRa sebagai sarana pengiriman data dari lokasi monitoring ke gateway yang selanjutnya data akan diproses pada server dan diolah untuk selanjutnya mengirimkan notifikasi ke masyarakat melalui grup pesan singkat pada Aplikasi Telegram. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penerapan sistem monitoring kualitas udara dan curah hujan ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan musim (kemarau dan penghujan) mempengaruhi konsentrasi partikel PM 1.0, PM 2.5, dan PM 10.0 di udara. Di mana pada musim kemarau Bulan Agustus 2023, kandungan partikel rata-rata per-hari untuk PM 1.0 sebesar 49.4 µg/m3, untuk PM 2.5 sebesar 92.4 µg/m3, dan untuk PM 10.0 sebesar 99.4 µg/m3. Sedangkan pada musim penghujan Bulan Januari 2024, kandungan partikel rata-rata per-hari untuk PM 1.0 sebesar 14.0 µg/m3, untuk PM 2.5 sebesar 21.2 µg/m3, dan untuk PM 10.0 sebesar 39.67 µg/m3. Dan dari hasil percobaan pemberian sumber partikulat, kandungan partikel tersebut sangat terpengaruh oleh hasil pembakaran (asap rokok dan asap hasil pembakaran kertas), tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh uap air. / The deterioration of air quality is unavoidable with the rapid increase in the use of fossil fuel-Powered motor vehicles, leading to an elevated concentration of fine particulate matter such as PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10.0. Residents in large cities face a considerable risk of exposure to these particles, making it essential to establish an air quality and rainfall monitoring system. This allows the community to be more vigilant, especially during periods of high particulate concentration. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), such monitoring systems can be implemented. In this final project, a monitoring system is developed using an off-grid Solar Power System as the electrical energy source, a PMS7003 sensor to detect particulate matter PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10.0 in the air, a rainfall sensor as a weather detector, Arduino Uno (ATmega8266) as the microcontroller, LoRa for data transmission from the monitoring location to the gateway. Subsequently, the data is processed on a server and analyzed to send notifications to the community through a short message group on the Telegram application. The results obtained from the implementation of this air quality and rainfall monitoring system indicate that seasonal variations (dry and rainy seasons) affect the concentration of PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10.0 particles in the air. During the dry season in August 2023, the average daily particle content for PM 1.0 was 49.4 µg/m3, for PM 2.5 was 92.4 µg/m3, and for PM 10.0 was 99.4 µg/m3. Meanwhile, during the rainy season in January 2024, the average daily particle content for PM 1.0 was 14.0 µg/m3, for PM 2.5 was 21.2 µg/m3, and for PM 10.0 was 39.67 µg/m3. Furthermore, the experiment results on the introduction of particulate sources show that the particle content is significantly influenced by combustion byproducts (cigarette smoke and burning paper), but not affected by water vapor.

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